Matenda a shuga mellitus ndi gulu la matenda a metabolic omwe amadziwika ndi hyperglycemia, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa katulutsidwe ka insulini kapena kusokonezeka kwachilengedwe, kapena zonse ziwiri.Kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia mu shuga mellitus kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kosatha, kusagwira ntchito komanso zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, makamaka maso, impso, mtima, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha, zomwe zimatha kufalikira pazigawo zonse zofunika za thupi lonse, zomwe zimatsogolera ku macroangiopathy ndi microangiopathy. mpaka kuchepa kwa moyo wa odwala.Mavuto owopsa amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo ngati salandira chithandizo munthawi yake.Matendawa ndi amoyo wonse ndipo ndi ovuta kuchiza.
Kodi shuga ndi pafupi bwanji ndi ife?
Pofuna kudziwitsa anthu za matenda a shuga, kuyambira 1991, International Diabetes Federation (IDF) ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) adasankha Novembara 14 kukhala "tsiku la United Nations la Diabetes".
Popeza kuti matenda a shuga ayamba kucheperachepera, aliyense ayenera kusamala za kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga!Deta ikuwonetsa kuti munthu m'modzi mwa anthu khumi ku China ali ndi matenda a shuga, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.Chochititsa mantha kwambiri n'chakuti matenda a shuga akangoyamba, sangathe kuchira, ndipo umayenera kukhala pansi pa mthunzi wa kulamulira shuga moyo wonse.
Monga imodzi mwa maziko atatu a zochitika pamoyo wa munthu, shuga ndi gwero lofunika kwambiri kwa ife.Kodi matenda a shuga amakhudza bwanji moyo wathu?Kodi kuweruza ndi kupewa?
Kodi mungaweruze bwanji kuti muli ndi matenda ashuga?
Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, anthu ambiri sankadziwa kuti akudwala chifukwa zizindikiro zake sizinali zoonekeratu.Malinga ndi "Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in China (2020 Edition)", kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ku China ndi 36.5% yokha.
Ngati nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi zizindikiro izi, ndi bwino kuti muyese shuga wamagazi.Khalani tcheru ndi kusintha kwa thupi lanu kuti muthe kuzindikira msanga ndi kudziletsa msanga.
Matenda a shuga pawokha siwowopsa, koma zovuta za matenda ashuga!
Kusawongolera bwino kwa matenda a shuga kungayambitse vuto lalikulu.
Odwala matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi matenda kagayidwe mafuta ndi mapuloteni.Hyperglycemia ya nthawi yayitali imatha kuyambitsa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, makamaka maso, mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, impso ndi minyewa, kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo kapena kulephera, zomwe zimabweretsa kulumala kapena kufa msanga.Zovuta zodziwika bwino za matenda a shuga zimaphatikizapo sitiroko, myocardial infarction retinopathy, diabetesic nephropathy, phazi la matenda ashuga ndi zina zotero.
● Kuopsa kwa matenda a mtima ndi matenda a ubongo kwa odwala matenda a shuga ndi 2-4 nthawi zambiri kuposa anthu omwe alibe matenda a shuga a msinkhu womwewo ndi amuna, ndipo zaka zoyamba za matenda a mtima ndi cerebrovascular zikupita patsogolo ndipo matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri.
● Odwala matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi dyslipidemia.
● Matenda a shuga a retinopathy ndi omwe amayambitsa khungu mwa anthu akuluakulu.
● Matenda a shuga ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimachititsa kuti aimpso kulephera.
Phazi loopsa la matenda a shuga lingayambitse kudulidwa.
Kupewa matenda a shuga
●Kuchulukitsa chidziwitso cha kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda a shuga.
● Khalani ndi moyo wathanzi, kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
● Anthu athanzi amayenera kuyezetsa shuga wamagazi osala kudya kamodzi pachaka kuyambira zaka 40, ndipo odwala matenda a shuga amalangizidwa kuti ayeze shuga wamagazi osala kudya kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena mawola awiri mutadya.
● Kulowererapo koyambirira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.
Kupyolera mu kayendetsedwe ka zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, chiwerengero cha thupi la anthu onenepa kwambiri ndi olemera kwambiri chidzafika kapena kuyandikira 24, kapena kulemera kwawo kudzatsika ndi 7%, zomwe zingachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi 35-58%.
Chithandizo chokwanira cha odwala matenda ashuga
Thandizo la zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, maphunziro a zaumoyo ndi kuyang'anira shuga m'magazi ndi njira zisanu zochizira matenda a shuga.
● Anthu odwala matenda a shuga mwachionekere angathe kuchepetsa vuto la matenda a shuga mwa kuchita zinthu zina monga kutsitsa shuga, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusintha lipids m’magazi ndi kuchepetsa thupi, ndi kusintha makhalidwe oipa monga kusiya kusuta, kuchepetsa mowa, kulamulira mafuta, kuchepetsa mchere komanso kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. kuonjezera zolimbitsa thupi.
Kudziyendetsa nokha kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi njira yabwino yothanirana ndi matenda a shuga, ndipo kuyang'anira shuga wamagazi kuyenera kuchitika motsogozedwa ndi madokotala ndi/kapena anamwino.
● Muziyesetsa kuchiza matenda a shuga, chepetsani matendawo mosalekeza, sachedwa kudwala, ndipo odwala matenda a shuga amatha kusangalala ndi moyo ngati anthu abwinobwino.
Njira yothetsera matenda a shuga
Poganizira izi, zida zoyesera za HbA1c zopangidwa ndi Hongwei TES zimapereka njira zothetsera matenda, chithandizo ndi kuwunika matenda a shuga:
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) chida chodziwira (fluorescence immunochromatography)
HbA1c ndiye gawo lofunikira pakuwunika kuwongolera kwa matenda ashuga ndikuwunika kuopsa kwa zovuta za microvascular, ndipo ndi mulingo wodziwira matenda a shuga.Kukhazikika kwake kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu yapitayi, zomwe ndizothandiza kuwunika momwe glucose amakhudzira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.Kuyang'anira HbA1c ndikothandiza kudziwa zovuta za matenda ashuga, komanso kungathandize kusiyanitsa kupsinjika kwa hyperglycemia ndi matenda a shuga a gestational.
Mtundu wachitsanzo: magazi athunthu
Chiwerengero: ≤5%
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-14-2023