Matenda a shuga ndi gulu la matenda omwe amadziwika ndi hyperglycemia, yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha vuto la insulin secretion kapena kusokonekera kwa ntchito ya thupi, kapena zonse ziwiri. Hyperglycemia ya nthawi yayitali mu matenda a shuga imabweretsa kuwonongeka kosatha, kusokonekera kwa ntchito komanso mavuto osatha a minofu yosiyanasiyana, makamaka maso, impso, mtima, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha, zomwe zimatha kufalikira m'ziwalo zofunika kwambiri za thupi lonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti macroangiopathy ndi microangiopathy zichepe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moyo wa odwala uchepe. Mavuto owopsa amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo ngati sachiritsidwa pa nthawi yake. Matendawa ndi a moyo wonse ndipo ndi ovuta kuchiza.
Kodi matenda a shuga ali pafupi bwanji ndi ife?
Pofuna kudziwitsa anthu za matenda a shuga, kuyambira mu 1991, International Diabetes Federation (IDF) ndi World Health Organization (WHO) asankha tsiku la 14 Novembala kukhala "Tsiku la Matenda a Shuga la United Nations".
Tsopano popeza matenda a shuga akuchulukirachulukira, aliyense ayenera kusamala ndi kufalikira kwa matenda a shuga! Deta ikusonyeza kuti munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 10 ku China ali ndi matenda a shuga, zomwe zikusonyeza kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga. Choopsa kwambiri ndichakuti matenda a shuga akangoyamba, sangachiritsidwe, ndipo muyenera kukhala mumthunzi wa shuga kwa moyo wanu wonse.
Monga chimodzi mwa zinthu zitatu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wabwino, shuga ndi gwero lofunika kwambiri la mphamvu kwa ife. Kodi kukhala ndi matenda a shuga kumakhudza bwanji miyoyo yathu? Kodi tingaweruze bwanji ndikupewa?
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga?
Poyamba matendawa, anthu ambiri sankadziwa kuti akudwala chifukwa zizindikiro zake sizinali zoonekeratu. Malinga ndi "Malangizo Othandizira Kupewa ndi Kuchiza Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri ku China (Kope la 2020)", kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ku China ndi 36.5% yokha.
Ngati nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi zizindikiro izi, ndi bwino kuyeza shuga m'magazi. Khalani maso ndi kusintha kwanu kwa thupi kuti muzindikire msanga komanso kuwongolera msanga.
Matenda a shuga okha si oopsa, koma ndi mavuto a matenda a shuga!
Kulephera kulamulira matenda a shuga kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu.
Odwala matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la kagayidwe ka mafuta ndi mapuloteni kosazolowereka. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, makamaka maso, mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, impso ndi mitsempha, kapena kulephera kwa ziwalo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale wolumala kapena kufa msanga. Mavuto ofala a matenda a shuga ndi monga sitiroko, matenda a myocardial infarction retinopathy, matenda a shuga nephropathy, matenda a shuga phazi ndi zina zotero.
● Chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi mwa odwala matenda a shuga ndi chokwera nthawi 2-4 kuposa cha anthu omwe si odwala matenda a shuga azaka zofanana komanso amuna, ndipo msinkhu woyambira matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi umakula ndipo vutoli limakhala lalikulu kwambiri.
● Odwala matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso dyslipidemia.
● Matenda a shuga otchedwa retinopathy ndi omwe amachititsa khungu kwambiri kwa akuluakulu.
● Matenda a shuga otchedwa nephropathy ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa impso.
Matenda a shuga oopsa angayambitse kudulidwa kwa phazi.
Kupewa matenda a shuga
●Thandizani anthu kudziwa bwino za kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda a shuga.
● Khalani ndi moyo wathanzi mwa kudya zakudya zoyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
● Anthu athanzi ayenera kuyeza shuga m'magazi kamodzi pachaka kuyambira ali ndi zaka 40, ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga asanakwane amalangizidwa kuti ayeze shuga m'magazi kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kapena maola awiri mutadya.
● Kuthandiza msanga anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga asanabadwe.
Kudzera mu kuwongolera zakudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, chiwerengero cha anthu onenepa kwambiri komanso onenepa kwambiri chidzafika kapena kufika pa 24, kapena kulemera kwawo kudzatsika ndi osachepera 7%, zomwe zingachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi 35-58%.
Chithandizo chokwanira cha odwala matenda a shuga
Chithandizo cha zakudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, maphunziro azaumoyo komanso kuyang'anira shuga m'magazi ndi njira zisanu zochizira matenda a shuga.
● Odwala matenda a shuga amatha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mavuto a shuga mwa kuchita zinthu monga kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusintha mafuta m'magazi ndi kuwongolera kulemera, komanso kukonza makhalidwe oipa monga kusiya kusuta fodya, kuchepetsa kumwa mowa, kuchepetsa mafuta, kuchepetsa mchere komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kudzisamalira nokha kwa odwala matenda a shuga ndi njira yothandiza yowongolera matenda a shuga, ndipo kuyang'anira shuga m'magazi kuyenera kuchitika motsogozedwa ndi madokotala ndi/kapena anamwino akatswiri.
● Kuchiza matenda a shuga mwachangu, kuwongolera matendawa mosalekeza, kuchedwetsa mavuto, ndipo odwala matenda a shuga akhoza kusangalala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.
Yankho la matenda a shuga
Poganizira izi, zida zoyesera za HbA1c zomwe zapangidwa ndi Hongwei TES zimapereka njira zothetsera matenda, chithandizo, ndi kuyang'anira matenda a shuga:
Kiti yodziwira hemoglobin ya Glycosylated (HbA1c) (fluorescence immunochromatography)
HbA1c ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri poyang'anira kulamulira matenda a shuga ndikuwunika chiopsezo cha zovuta za mitsempha yamagazi, ndipo ndi muyezo wodziwira matenda a shuga. Kuchuluka kwake kumawonetsa shuga wamagazi m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu yapitayi, zomwe zimathandiza kuwunika momwe kuwongolera shuga m'magazi kumakhudzira odwala matenda a shuga. Kuyang'anira HbA1c kumathandiza kupeza mavuto osatha a matenda a shuga, komanso kungathandize kusiyanitsa hyperglycemia yokhudzana ndi nkhawa ndi matenda a shuga a mimba.
Mtundu wa chitsanzo: magazi athunthu
LoD: ≤5%
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-14-2023