Mu Epulo 2026, sitima yapamadzi yoyenda pansi pamadzi yodziwika ndi mbendera ya ku NetherlandsMS HondiusAnachoka ku Ushuaia, Argentina. Pa 6 Epulo, wokwerayo anayamba kutentha thupi ndi mutu, ndipo anamwalira m'sitimayo patatha masiku asanu. Mkazi wake nayenso anadwala ndipo anamwalira atasamutsidwira ku South Africa. Pambuyo pake, wokwerayo wazaka 69 waku Britain adapezeka ndi kachilombo ka hantavirus ndipo adakali m'chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri. Pofika pa 13 Meyi, bungwe la World Health Organization linanena.Milandu 11 ndi imfa zitatuzokhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa kachilomboka m'chombocho.
I. Chidule cha Mavairasi ndi Mitundu ya Matenda
Ma Hantavirus ndi gulu la ma RNA virus omwe amanyamulidwa makamaka ndi makoswe, omwe ali m'gulu la Orthohantavirus mu banja la Bunyaviridae. Jenomu yawo imakhala ndimagawo atatu (L, M, ndi S), kulemba ma RNA polymerase odalira RNA, ma glycoprotein, ndi mapuloteni a nucleocapsid motsatana. Kutengera kufalikira kwa malo ndi zizindikiro zachipatala, ma hantavirus amagawidwa m'magulu awirimagulu awiri akuluakulu:
Ma hantavirus a Dziko Lakale(zomwe zimapezeka ku Ulaya, Asia, ndi Africa) chifukwa chaMalungo a Hemorrhagic ndi Matenda a Impso (HFRS). Mavairasi ena ndi Hantaan virus (HTNV), Seoul virus (SEOV), ndi Puumala virus (PUUV). Amalimbana kwambiri ndi impso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti impso zisamagwire bwino ntchito, magazi azituluka, komanso nthawi zina, kugwedezeka. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa kachilomboka koma nthawi zambiri chimakhala kuyambira<1% mpaka 5-15%.
Ma hantavirus a Dziko Latsopano(kufalikira ku North ndi South America) chifukwaMatenda a Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS). Mavairasi ena ndi monga kachilombo ka Sin Nombre (SNV) ndi kachilombo ka Andes (ANDV). Amayang'ana kwambiri mapapo, zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa kwa mapapo komwe sikumayambitsa matenda a mtima, kuvutika kwambiri kupuma, komanso kusokonekera kwa mtima. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimakhala ngati chimfine (malungo, myalgia, matenda am'mimba), koma matendawa amatha kupitirira msanga mpaka kulephera kupuma, ndichiwerengero cha anthu omwe amwalira chikufika pa 30-50%.
Kuphulika kwa sitima yapamadzi kunayambitsidwa makamaka ndiKachilombo ka Andes (ANDV), yomwe ndi yaMatenda a Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)mtundu wa mtundu.
II. Matenda a Hantaviruses Ogwirizana ndi HFRS Associated vs. Andes Virus (HPS) achikhalidwe
III. Njira Zotumizira
Hantavirus imafalikira kwambiri kudzera mukukhudzana mwachindunji ndi ndowe, malovu, kapena mkodzo wa makoswe omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, kapena ndikupuma kwa ndowe yosungunuka ndi mpweyaNjira zina zomwe zingatheke ndi izi:
-Kulumidwa kapena kukanda ndi makoswe omwe ali ndi kachilomboka;
-Kudya chakudya chodetsedwa ndi mkodzo, ndowe, kapena malovu a makoswe omwe ali ndi kachilomboka;
-Kukhudza maso, mphuno, kapena pakamwa mutakhudza zinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi kachilomboka.
Kufala kwa matenda opatsirana kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu n’kosowa kwambirikoma zatsimikiziridwa kutiKachilombo ka Andes (ANDV).
IV. Kufufuza kwa Kulumikizana kwa Hantavirus Padziko Lonse - Kuyesa ndi Kutsata kwa Nucleic Acid monga Ukadaulo Wapakati
Pambuyo pa kufalikira kwa ANDV, akuluakulu azaumoyo m'maiko opitilira khumi - kuphatikiza Spain, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, ndi Switzerland - nthawi yomweyo adayambitsa kufufuza anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka komanso kuyang'anira anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. France, United States, ndi ena apitiliza kutsatira thanzi la nzika zawo zomwe zidabwerera kuchokera ku sitimayo yomwe yakhudzidwa.
Mu chithandizo chadzidzidzi cha mayiko ambiri ichi,kuyezetsa nucleic acid ndi kutsata majiniachita gawo lofunika kwambiri:
-Kuyesa kwa Nucleic acidimapereka umboni womveka bwino wodziwira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwachangu;
-Kutsata kwa majiniimapereka umboni wosasinthika wa mamolekyulu kuti itsatire komwe kwachokera matenda, kutsimikizira njira zopatsirana, ndikuwunika kusintha kwa mavairasi.
V. Njira Zodziwira Hantavirus (Makamaka Mtundu wa HPS)
1. Kuzindikira Matenda Oyambitsa Matendawa Poyamba
1.1 Kuyesa Malo Osamaliridwa (POCT)
Kuwunika molondola ndi kuyesa mwadzidzidzi -chitsanzo-chotsatira mu ola limodzi.
1.2 PCR Yachizolowezi
2. Mayankho Otsatizana
Kuzindikira matenda ndi kutsata kufalikira kwa matendawamalungo osadziwika komwe adachokera, vuto la kupuma, kapena zizindikiro za kutuluka magazi.
Zinthu zazikulu:
VI. Deta Yotsimikizika Yogwira Ntchito
Kufufuza kwa zitsanzo za hantavirus pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofufuzira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikiraKufalikira kwa majini okwana >99% pa kuya kwa 30×.
Kusanthula kwa majini a hantavirus pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otayira komanso kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana n'kotheka.
VII. Zida Zogwirizana
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-14-2026