Zosintha Padziko Lonse za Mpox ndi Kuzindikira Zapamwamba

1. Zosintha Padziko Lonse za Mpox pa Epidemiological (kuyambira mu Marichi 2026)

Mpox, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka Monkeypox (MPXV), ikadali vuto lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi ngakhale kuti bungwe la World Health Organization linatha kutchula kuti Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Kufalikira kwa kachilomboka m'madera osiyanasiyana kukuwonetsa kufunika kokhala ndi kachilomboka.kuyang'aniridwa kosalekeza komanso luso lapamwamba lozindikira matenda.

Kuyambira pamene mliriwu unabuka m'mayiko osiyanasiyana mu 2022, milandu pafupifupi 128,000 yotsimikizika m'ma laboratories ndi imfa 281 yanenedwa m'maiko oposa 130 [1]. Mu 2025 yokha, milandu 50,751 yotsimikizika ndi imfa 206 zinalembedwa m'maiko 96, ndipo milandu yoposa 90% inachitika ku Africa. Chodziwika bwino n'chakuti, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone, ndi Uganda zinali ndi milandu pafupifupi 32,000, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri m'madera omwe ali ndi matendawa [1].

Ma clade onse akuluakulu a MPXV (Ia, Ib, ndi II) akupitilizabe kufalikira. Kutuluka ndi kufalikira kwa Clade Ib padziko lonse lapansi—kuphatikizapo kupezeka koyamba ku Czech Republic, Israel, Madagascar, ndi Nepal—komanso kufalikira kwa kachilomboka m'madera osiyanasiyana ku France, Italy, ndi Spain, kukusonyeza kuti matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri.kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka ma transmission[1].

2. Zizindikiro Zachipatala ndi Mavuto Okhudza Kuzindikira Matenda

Mpox ili ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zachipatala, kuyambira matenda osawonetsa zizindikiro mpaka matenda oopsa a m'thupi. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapomalungo, mutu, lymphadenopathy, myalgia, ndi kutopandi zina zotero.Ziphuphu zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimayambamagawo a macular, papular, vesicular, ndi pustular asanayambe kutumphuka, ndipo zingaphatikizeponkhope, miyendo, mucosa wa mkamwa, ndi madera oberekera.

Ngakhale kuti milandu yambiri imadziletsa yokha mkati mwa masabata 2-4, zotsatirapo zoyipa zimapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo, kuphatikizapomakanda, amayi apakati, ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka(monga, matenda opatsirana kwambiri a HIV) [2].

Kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro zosazolowereka komanso zofatsa, kuphatikizapo milandu yopanda zizindikiro, kumabweretsa mavuto akulu azachipatala. Izi zikugogomezera kufunika kwakukulu kwamatenda ozindikira kwambiri, enieni, komanso ofulumira kuti athandize kuzindikira koyambirira ndikusokoneza unyolo wofalitsa.

3. Kupewa, Kulamulira, ndi Udindo wa Kuzindikira Matenda

Kufalikira kwa MPXV kumachitika kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi zilonda kapena madzi amthupi, madontho a mpweya panthawi yolumikizana kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, kufalikira kwa kachilomboka m'njira yogonana, ma fomite oipitsidwa, ndi kufalikira kwa kachilomboka molunjika.

Njira zazikulu zowongolera ndi izi:

• -Kuzindikira mwachangu ndi kupatula milandu
• -Kutsata anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo komanso kuyang'anira anthu ammudzi
• -Kulankhulana ndi anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo komanso kuchitapo kanthu pa khalidwe lawo
• -Kulandira katemera woteteza ku chimfine musanayambe komanso mutatha kudwala

Bungwe la WHO likugogomezera kufunika kolimbitsa mphamvu za labotale ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zofufuzirazida zoyenera zodziwira matenda zomwe zimapangidwira malo osiyanasiyana azaumoyo—kuyambira kuyesa mwachangu mpaka malo owunikira majini[1].

4. Macro & Micro-Test: Mayankho Ophatikizana Ozindikira Omwe Amayendetsedwa ndi Ukadaulo Waukadaulo

Poganizira za kusintha kwa matenda a mpox, Macro & Micro-Test yapanga njira yowunikira matenda yomwe ili ndi mapulatifomu ambiri, yomwe ikuwonetsa luso lamphamvu pakupanga mayeso, ukadaulo wa mamolekyulu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomasulira.

4.1 Kuyesa Mwachangu kwa Immunochromatographic: Kuyesa Kopezeka Pamalo Osamalirira

Kampaniyo imapereka kuzindikira mwachangu komanso popanda zida mkati mwa mphindi 10-20, kuthandizira kuyesa kosagwirizana ndi anthu komanso kuwunika kwakukulu:

• Kiti Yodziwira Ma Antigen (HWTS-OT079):
  • Kusampa mosavuta (madzi a ziphuphu/chopopera pakamwa, seramu)
  • Malire a kuzindikira (LoD): 20 pg/mL
  • Kufalikira kwa Broad clade (Clade I & II)
  • Palibe kuyanjana ndizofananamavairasi
  • Chigwirizano cha peresenti yonse (OPA): 96.4% poyerekeza ndi mayeso a nucleic acid amplification (NAATs)
• Kiti Yodziwira Ma Antibody ya IgM/IgG (HWTS-OT145):
  • Kusankha kosavuta (magazi athunthu, seramu, plasma)
  • Amazindikira IgM ndi IgG kuti adziwe magawo a matenda a mpox
  • Yoyenera kufufuza za seroepidemiological

Mayeso awa amakonzedwa bwino kuti akhale olimba (4–30°C, miyezi 24), pothana ndi zopinga za kayendedwe ka zinthu m'malo omwe alibe zinthu zambiri.

4.2 Kukulitsa kwa Isothermal (EPIA): Kuzindikira Molekyulu Mwachangu Kwambiri

Kiti yozindikira ma nucleic acid (HWTS-OT200) yochokera ku EPIA ikuyimira kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakupeza matenda mwachangu a mamolekyulu:

• LoD: makope 200/mL (ofanana ndi qPCR)
• Nthawi yoti mufike pamlingo wabwino: mwachangu ngati mphindi 5
• Kuyesa komwe kumafunidwa kumayendetsedwa ndi ma module odziyimira pawokha a Easy Amp System
• Fomula yophilizidwa bwino yomwe imalola kusungira kutentha kwa chipinda
• Kuchita bwino kwachipatala: (PPA: 100%, NPA: 100%, OPA: 100%) (Kappa = 1.000)

Chofunika kwambiri, kuyesaku sikukuwonetsa kuti ma syllabus a orthopox (nthomba, katemera, cowpox) kapena ma common herpesviruses (HSV, VZV) ndi ofanana, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ali ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba.

4.3 Kuwala kwa qPCR: Kuzindikira kwa Kukhudzidwa Kwambiri, Kuzindikira Kodziwika ndi WHO

Pulogalamu ya Macro & Micro-Test ya fluorescence PCR ikuwonetsa kuti ikutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo:

• HWTS-OT071 (WHO EUL-listed):
  • Kapangidwe ka zolinga ziwiri kamatsimikizira kulimba kwambiri
  • LoD: makope 200/mL
  • Kusankha madzi otupa, swab ya pakhosi ndi seramu mosavuta
  • Kufotokozera kwakukulu popanda kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndiskachilombo ka mallpox, kachilombo ka vaccinia, kachilombo ka cowpox, kachilombo ka mousepox, kachilombo ka herpes simplex, kachilombo ka varicella-zoster, ndi majini a anthu, ndi zina zotero..
  • Kuchita bwino kwachipatala: PPA 100%, NPA 99.40%, OPA 99.64% poyerekeza ndi kutsata
• Kiti ya qPCR youma mufiriji (HWTS-OT078):
  
  • Zimathetsa kudalira unyolo wozizira pamene zikupitiriza kugwira ntchito bwino
  • Kiti Yodziwira Zinthu Zonse ya Orthopox (HWTS-OT072):
    • Kuzindikira nthawi imodzi mavairasi anayi a orthopox a anthu(Mpox ikuphatikizidwa)
    • LoD: makope 200/mL
    • Kudziwika bwino kwambiri popanda kuyanjana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tofanana
    • Kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda olakwika komanso kumawonjezera kuzindikira kosiyana
    • Kachilombo ka MonkeypoxKiti Yolembera (HWTS-OT201):
      • Imalola kusiyanitsa kolondola pakati pa Clade I ndi Clade II
      • LoD: makope 200/mL
      • Chofunika kwambiri pakufufuza za kufalikira kwa matenda ndi kufalikira kwa matendawa

  4.4 Kutsata Ma Genome Onse: Kuthandiza Kuyang'anira Ma Genome ndi Kutsata Zosiyanasiyana

  Macro & Micro-Test ikuwonetsanso luso lapamwamba mu ma genomics a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzera mu njira zake zotsatizana za genome yonse:

  • Nyaninthenda ya nduluKiti ya Virus Universal Whole Genome Kit (Multi-PCR NGS) (HWTS-TW0042):
    • Nthawi yosinthira: maola 6-8
    • Kufalikira kwa majini ≥98% (Ct ≤32)
    • Kugwirizana kosinthasintha ndi zingapo2^nd ndi 3^rd mbadwonsanja zotsatizana(ONT, Qi Carbon, Salus, Illumina, MGI…)
    • Yosavuta kumvaNyaninthenda ya nduluKachilombo Kuzindikira Majini OnseZida (Illumina/MGI) (HWTS-TW0041/0043):
      • Malire ozindikira: Ct ≤35
      • Kapangidwe ka primer kokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri (1,448)ma pairs a 200bpamplicons)
      • Yotsimikizika ndi zitsanzo zachipatala zoposa 400
      • Fkugwirizana kosavuta ndi zingapo2^nd mbadwonsanja zotsatizana(Qi Carbon, Salus, Illumina, MGI…)

   
  

  Ziwerengero Zachipatala za Kutsatana kwa Genome Yathunthu ya Mpox Virus

  

  Kufotokozera za Mpox Virus Whole Genome Sequencing

  Zipangizo za Mpox WGS izi zimathandiza kafukufuku wa matenda a genomic omwe ali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kutsatira kusintha kwa majini, mapu otumizira, ndi kusanthula kusintha kwa majini.

  5. Mapeto: Kupititsa patsogolo Kulamulira Mpox Padziko Lonse Kudzera mu Ubwino wa Sayansi

  Kupitirira kwa kufalikira kwa magazi padziko lonse lapansi komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa majini a MPXV kumafuna njira yodziwira matenda yosiyanasiyana yophatikiza kufufuza mwachangu, kuyesa kotsimikizira kwa mamolekyulu, ndi kuyang'anira majini.

  Dongosolo lonse la Macro & Micro-Test lofufuza matenda likuwonetsa luso lamphamvu la sayansi m'magawo osiyanasiyana aukadaulo, kuphatikizapo kuyesa kwa chitetezo chamthupi, kukulitsa kwa isothermal, PCR yeniyeni, ndi kutsata kwa mibadwo yotsatira. Mayankho awa samangokhudza zosowa zachipatala komanso zaumoyo wa anthu wamba komanso amagwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso njira zatsopano zodziwira matenda.

  Mwa kuthandizira kuzindikira mwachangu, kusiyanitsa molondola ma clade, komanso kuyang'anira majini nthawi yeniyeni, kampaniyo imachita gawo lofunikira pakulimbitsa kukonzekera padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuyankha ku mpox ndi matenda ena opatsirana omwe akubuka.

  Zolemba:

  [1] WHO. Malipoti a Mpox Global Situation.March, 2026, Geneva: World Health Organization; 2026
  [2] WHO. Kuyang'anira Zachipatala ndi Kupewa Matenda a Mpox. Meyi 2025, Geneva: Bungwe la Zaumoyo Padziko Lonse; 2025