Mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya matenda opatsirana pogonana

Matenda a Corona Virus 2019, omwe amatchedwa "COVID-19", amatanthauza chibayo chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 ndi kachilombo ka corona komwe kali m'gulu la β. COVID-19 ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana omwe amafalikira mofulumira, ndipo anthu ambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo. Pakadali pano, magwero a matendawa ndi odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2, ndipo anthu omwe alibe zizindikiro za matendawa nawonso akhoza kukhala magwero a matendawa. Kutengera kafukufuku wamakono wa matenda, nthawi yoberekera ndi masiku 1-14, makamaka masiku 3-7. Malungo, chifuwa chouma ndi kutopa ndiye zizindikiro zazikulu. Odwala ochepa anali ndi mphuno yotsekeka, mphuno yotuluka madzi, pakhosi, myalgia ndi kutsegula m'mimba.

Fuluwenza, yomwe imadziwika kuti "fuluwenza", ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo ka fuluwenza. Ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri. Amafalikira makamaka pokodza ndi kuyetsemula. Nthawi zambiri amafalikira m'nyengo ya masika ndi yozizira. Mavairasi a fuluwenza amagawidwa m'magulu atatu a fuluwenza A, IFV A, fuluwenza B, IFV B, ndi fuluwenza C, IFV C, onse ndi a kachilombo komatira, komwe kumayambitsa matenda a anthu makamaka a fuluwenza A ndi B, ndi kachilombo ka RNA kogawanika kamodzi. Kachilombo ka fuluwenza A ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana, kuphatikizapo H1N1, H3N2 ndi mitundu ina, yomwe imakonda kusintha ndi kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. "Shift" imatanthauza kusintha kwa kachilombo ka fuluwenza A, komwe kumabweretsa "mtundu wina" watsopano wa kachilomboka. Mavairasi a fuluwenza B amagawidwa m'magulu awiri, Yamagata ndi Victoria. Kachilombo ka fuluwenza B kamangokhala ndi antigen drift, ndipo kamapewa kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi la munthu kudzera mu kusintha kwake. Komabe, liwiro la kusintha kwa kachilombo ka fuluwenza B limachepa kuposa la kachilombo ka fuluwenza A. Kachilombo ka fuluwenza B kangayambitsenso matenda opatsirana m'mapapo mwa anthu ndipo kamayambitsa miliri.

Adenovirus (AdV) ndi ya adenovirus ya mammaly, yomwe ndi kachilombo ka DNA komwe kamakhala ndi ma double stranded popanda envelopu. Mitundu yosachepera 90 ya majini yapezeka, yomwe ingagawidwe m'magulu a AG 7 subgenera. Matenda a AdV angayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chibayo, bronchitis, cystitis, maso conjunctivitis, matenda am'mimba ndi encephalitis. Adenovirus pneumonia ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yoopsa kwambiri ya chibayo chomwe chimapezeka m'dera mwa ana, ndipo imapanga pafupifupi 4%-10% ya chibayo chomwe chimapezeka m'dera.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) ndi mtundu wa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta prokaryotic, tomwe tili pakati pa mabakiteriya ndi kachilombo, ndipo tili ndi kapangidwe ka maselo koma tilibe khoma la maselo. MP imayambitsa matenda opatsirana m'njira yopumira kwa anthu, makamaka mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Ingayambitse chibayo cha mycoplasma kwa anthu, matenda opatsirana m'njira yopumira kwa ana komanso chibayo chosazolowereka. Zizindikiro zake ndi zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zambiri ndi chifuwa chachikulu, malungo, kuzizira, mutu, kupweteka pakhosi. Matenda opatsirana m'njira yopumira m'mwamba ndi chibayo cha bronchial ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Odwala ena amatha kudwala matenda opatsirana m'njira yopumira m'mwamba mpaka chibayo chachikulu, kupuma movutikira kwambiri komanso imfa zimatha kuchitika.

Kachilombo ka Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) ndi kachilombo ka RNA, komwe kali m'gulu la paramyxoviridae. Kachilomboka kamafalikira kudzera m'madontho a mpweya komanso pafupi ndipo ndiye kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa matenda m'mapapo mwa makanda. Makanda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka RSV amatha kukhala ndi bronchiolitis yoopsa (yomwe imatchedwa bronchiolitis) ndi chibayo, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mphumu mwa ana. Makanda amakhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa, kuphatikizapo malungo, rhinitis, pharyngitis ndi laryngitis, kenako bronchiolitis ndi chibayo. Ana ochepa odwala amatha kukhala ovuta ndi otitis media, pleurisy ndi myocarditis, ndi zina zotero. Matenda a m'mapapo ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda mwa akuluakulu ndi ana okulirapo.