Kumapeto kwa 1995, World Health Organisation (WHO) idasankha Marichi 24 kukhala Tsiku Lachifuwa Padziko Lonse.
1 Kumvetsetsa chifuwa chachikulu
Chifuwa chachikulu (TB) ndi matenda omwe amangodya, omwe amatchedwanso "matenda omwa".Ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chifuwa chachikulu cha mycobacterium cholowa m'thupi la munthu.Sichimakhudzidwa ndi zaka, kugonana, mtundu, ntchito ndi dera.Ziwalo zambiri ndi machitidwe a thupi la munthu amatha kudwala chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, chomwe chimakhala chofala kwambiri.
Chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yomwe imalowa mu ziwalo zonse za thupi.Chifukwa malo omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ndi mapapo, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chifuwa chachikulu.
Oposa 90% ya matenda a TB amafalitsidwa kudzera kupuma thirakiti.Odwala TB amadwala ndi chifuwa, sneezing, kupanga phokoso kwambiri, kuchititsa madontho a chifuwa chachikulu (mankhwala amatchedwa microdroplets) kuti atulutsidwe m'thupi ndi kupuma ndi anthu wathanzi.
2 Chithandizo cha odwala chifuwa chachikulu
Chithandizo cha mankhwala ndi mwala wapangodya wa chithandizo cha chifuwa chachikulu.Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya matenda a bakiteriya, chithandizo cha chifuwa chachikulu chingatenge nthawi yaitali.Kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo, mankhwala oletsa chifuwa chachikulu ayenera kumwedwa kwa miyezi 6 mpaka 9.Mankhwala enieni ndi nthawi ya chithandizo zimadalira zaka za wodwalayo, thanzi labwino komanso kukana mankhwala.
Odwala akamakana mankhwala oyamba, ayenera kusinthidwa ndi mankhwala a mzere wachiwiri.Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo chosagwira mankhwala ndi isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), pyrazinamide (PZA) ndi streptomycin (SM).Mankhwala asanuwa amatchedwa mankhwala oyamba ndipo ndi othandiza kwa odwala opitilira 80% a chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo.
3 Mafunso ndi mayankho a chifuwa chachikulu
Funso: Kodi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chingachiritsidwe?
A: 90% ya odwala omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo amatha kuchiritsidwa ataumirira kumwa mankhwala nthawi zonse ndikumaliza mankhwala omwe adalembedwa (miyezi 6-9).Kusintha kulikonse kwamankhwala kuyenera kusankhidwa ndi dokotala.Ngati simumwa mankhwala munthawi yake ndikumaliza chithandizo, zingayambitse chifuwa chachikulu cha TB.Mukayamba kukana mankhwala, nthawi ya chithandizo imatalika ndipo izi zipangitsa kuti chithandizo chilephereke.
Q: Kodi odwala chifuwa chachikulu ayenera kulabadira chiyani panthawi ya chithandizo?
Yankho: Mukapezeka ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, muyenera kulandira chithandizo cha TB nthawi zonse mwamsanga, kutsatira malangizo a dokotala, kumwa mankhwala munthawi yake, fufuzani pafupipafupi komanso kuti mukhale ndi chidaliro.1. Samalani kupuma ndi kulimbikitsa zakudya;2. Samalirani ukhondo wanu, ndipo phimbani pakamwa ndi mphuno ndi mapepala opukutirapo pamene mukutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula;3. Chepetsani kutuluka ndi kuvala chigoba pamene mukuyenera kutuluka.
Q: Kodi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chikadali chopatsirana pambuyo pochiritsidwa?
A: Pambuyo pa chithandizo chokhazikika, matenda a chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo nthawi zambiri amachepetsa mofulumira.Pambuyo pa masabata angapo a chithandizo, chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya a chifuwa chachikulu mu sputum chidzachepetsedwa kwambiri.Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cham'mapapo chosapatsirana amamaliza njira yonse ya chithandizo molingana ndi dongosolo lamankhwala lomwe amalilemba.Pambuyo pofika pochiza, palibe mabakiteriya a chifuwa chachikulu omwe angapezeke mu sputum, choncho sakhalanso opatsirana.
Q: Kodi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chikadali chopatsirana pambuyo pochiritsidwa?
A: Pambuyo pa chithandizo chokhazikika, matenda a chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo nthawi zambiri amachepetsa mofulumira.Pambuyo pa masabata angapo a chithandizo, chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya a chifuwa chachikulu mu sputum chidzachepetsedwa kwambiri.Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cham'mapapo chosapatsirana amamaliza njira yonse ya chithandizo molingana ndi dongosolo lamankhwala lomwe amalilemba.Pambuyo pofika pochiza, palibe mabakiteriya a chifuwa chachikulu omwe angapezeke mu sputum, choncho sakhalanso opatsirana.
TB njira
Macro & Micro-Test imapereka zinthu zotsatirazi:
Kuzindikira kwaMTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) nucleic acid
1. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka khalidwe lamkati mwadongosolo kungayang'ane mozama ndondomeko yoyesera ndikuwonetsetsa khalidwe loyesera.
2. Kukulitsa kwa PCR ndi kafukufuku wa fulorosenti akhoza kuphatikizidwa.
3. Kukhudzika kwakukulu: malire ochepera ozindikira ndi 1 mabakiteriya / mL.
Kuzindikira kwakukana kwa isoniazid mu MTB
1. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka khalidwe lamkati mwadongosolo kungayang'ane mozama ndondomeko yoyesera ndikuwonetsetsa khalidwe loyesera.
2. Njira yodzipangira yokha yodziletsa-yotsekereza kusintha kwasintha idakhazikitsidwa, ndipo njira yophatikizira ukadaulo wa ARMS ndi kafukufuku wa fulorosenti idakhazikitsidwa.
3. Kutengeka kwakukulu: malire ocheperako odziwika ndi 1000 mabakiteriya / mL, ndipo mitundu yosagwirizana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi 1% kapena zambiri zowonongeka zimatha kudziwika.
4. Kukhazikika kwapamwamba: Palibe njira yolumikizirana ndi masinthidwe a (511, 516, 526 ndi 531) malo anayi olimbana ndi mankhwala a rpoB gene.
Kuzindikira masinthidwe aMTB ndi Rifampicin Resistance
1. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka khalidwe lamkati mwadongosolo kungayang'ane mozama ndondomeko yoyesera ndikuwonetsetsa khalidwe loyesera.
2. Njira yokhotakhota yosungunuka pamodzi ndi kafukufuku wotsekedwa wa fulorosenti wokhala ndi maziko a RNA anagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira mu vitro amplification.
3. Kukhudzika kwakukulu: malire ochepera ozindikira ndi 50 mabakiteriya / mL.
4. High specificity: palibe mtanda anachita ndi matupi athu anthu, zina nontuberculous mycobacteria ndi chibayo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;Malo osinthika a majini ena osamva mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu cha mycobacterium, monga katG 315G>C\A ndi InhA -15 C>T, adapezeka, ndipo zotsatira zake sizinawonetsedwe.
Kuzindikira kwa MTB nucleic acid (EPIA)
1. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka khalidwe lamkati mwadongosolo kungayang'ane mozama ndondomeko yoyesera ndikuwonetsetsa khalidwe loyesera.
2. Njira ya enzyme digestion probe yosasinthasintha kutentha imatengedwa, ndipo nthawi yodziwikiratu ndi yaifupi, ndipo zotsatira zodziwikiratu zitha kupezeka mu mphindi 30.
3. Kuphatikizana ndi Macro & Micro-Test sample release agent ndi Macro & Micro-Test nthawi zonse kutentha kwa nucleic acid amplification analyzer, ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso yoyenera pazithunzi zosiyanasiyana.
4. Kukhudzika kwakukulu: malire odziwika bwino ndi 1000Copies/mL.
5. Mwachidziwitso chapamwamba: Palibe chotsutsana ndi mycobacteria ya non-tuberculosis mycobacteria complex (monga Mycobacterium kansas, Mycobacterium Sukarnica, Mycobacterium marinum, etc.) ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, etc. .).
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-22-2024