Kumapeto kwa 1995, World Health Organisation (ndani) adasankhidwa pa Marichi 24 ngati World Tuber Day.
1 kumvetsetsa chifuwa chachikulu
Chifuwa chachikulu (TB) ndi matenda osakhazikika, otchedwanso "kudya matenda". Ndi matenda opatsa chidwi kwambiri obwera chifukwa cha matenda a Mycoabacterium tuberculosis polowera thupi la munthu. Sichikhudzidwa ndi zaka, kugonana, mtundu, ntchito ndi dera. Ziwalo zambiri ndi machitidwe a thupi amatha kudwala chifuwa chachikulu, chomwe ndi chifuwa chachikulu chomwe chimadziwika kwambiri.
Chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda opatsirana oyambitsidwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha mycobacterisis, chomwe chimalowa ziwalo za thupi lonse. Chifukwa tsambalo lodziwika bwino ndi mapapu, limatchedwa chifuwa chachikulu.
Zoposa 90% ya matenda a chifuwa chachikulu amafalikira kudzera mu kupuma thirakiti. Odwala a chifuwa chachikulu ali ndi kachilomboka, kusisita, ndikupanga phokoso lalikulu, kumapangitsa ma polleculosis (kutchedwa ma microdroclets) kuti atulutsidwe ndi anthu athanzi.
2 Chithandizo cha odwala chifuwa
Chithandizo cha mankhwala ndi mwala wapangodya wa chifuwa chachikulu. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya, chithandizo cha chifuwa chachikulu chimatha kutenga nthawi yayitali. Pakugwira chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo, mankhwala a anti-chifuwa chachikulu ayenera kumwedwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka 9. Mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala nthawi zimatengera zaka za wodwala, zambiri zaumoyo komanso kukana mankhwala.
Odwala akagwirizana ndi mankhwala oyamba, ayenera kusinthidwa ndi mankhwala achiwiri. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochizira chifuwa chosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala amtundu wa m'matumbo amaphatikizidwa (inki), rifampicin (rfp), ebzinamide (straptomycin (smraptomycin (sm). Mankhwala asanuwa amatchedwa mankhwala oyamba komanso amagwira ntchito zoposa 80% ya odwala matenda a chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa chachikulu.
3 funso la chifuwa chachikulu ndikuyankha
Q: Kodi chifuwa chachikulu chizichiritsidwa?
A: 90% ya odwala matenda a m'mapaponory amatha kuchiritsidwa ataumiriza pamankhwala anthawi zonse ndikumaliza chithandizo chamankhwala (miyezi 6-9). Kusintha kulikonse pakuchizira kuyenera kulinganizidwa ndi adotolo. Ngati simumamwa mankhwalawa pa nthawi ndikumaliza njira ya chithandizo, imabweretsa kukana mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu. Kutsutsa kwa mankhwala akayamba, njira ya chithandizo imakula ndipo imatsogolera chithandizo cholephera.
Q: Kodi chifuwa chachikulu chomwe odwala ayenera kulabadira chiyani panthawi ya chithandizo?
Yankho: Mukapezeka ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha matenda otsutsa-chifuwa chachikulu posachedwa, tsatirani uphungu wa adotolo, tengani mankhwala, yang'anani pafupipafupi ndikukhazikitsa chidaliro. 1. Tcherani ndi kupuma ndikulimbitsa thanzi; 2. Samalani ndi zaukhondo, ndikuphimba pakamwa panu ndi mphuno ndi mapepala okhala ndi mapepala pomwe kutsokomola kapena kusisita; 3. Kuchepetsa kutuluka ndikuvala chigoba pomwe muyenera kutuluka.
Q: Kodi chifuwa chachikulu chimatha kupachikidwa?
Yankho: Atalandira chithandizo chokhazikika, upainiya wa chifuwa chachikulu odwala amachepetsa mwachangu. Pambuyo pa milungu ingapo ya chithandizo, kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya a chifuwa chachikulu ku Sputum adzachepetsedwa kwambiri. Odwala ambiri okhala ndi chifuwa chosapatsirana amalima njira yonse yothandizira kutengera dongosolo la mankhwalawa. Mutafika kuchiritsa muyeso, palibe mabakiteriya a chifuwa chachikulu omwe angapezeke sputum, motero samapatsirana.
Q: Kodi chifuwa chachikulu chimatha kupachikidwa?
Yankho: Atalandira chithandizo chokhazikika, upainiya wa chifuwa chachikulu odwala amachepetsa mwachangu. Pambuyo pa milungu ingapo ya chithandizo, kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya a chifuwa chachikulu ku Sputum adzachepetsedwa kwambiri. Odwala ambiri okhala ndi chifuwa chosapatsirana amalima njira yonse yothandizira kutengera dongosolo la mankhwalawa. Mutafika kuchiritsa muyeso, palibe mabakiteriya a chifuwa chachikulu omwe angapezeke sputum, motero samapatsirana.
Chifuwa chachikulu
Mankhwala a Macro & Micro-Micro-Micro-amapereka zinthu zotsatirazi:
Kudziwika kwaMTB (mycoabacium tuberculosis) nucleic acid
1. Kuyambitsa kuwongolera kwapakatikati mu kachitidwe kumatha kuwunika mokwanira njira yoyesera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuyera.
2. PCR Kukwezedwa ndi Fluorescent Probe ingaphatikizidwe.
3. Kuzindikira kwambiri: malire ocheperako ndi 1 bctiteria / ml.
Kudziwika kwakukana ku Isoonazid mu MTB
1. Kuyambitsa kuwongolera kwapakatikati mu kachitidwe kumatha kuwunika mokwanira njira yoyesera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuyera.
2. Njira yokonzanso zodzikongoletsera zodzikongoletsera zinakhazikitsidwa, ndipo njira yophatikiza ndi ukadaulo wamanja ndi Fluorescent Probere.
3. Kuzindikira kwambiri: malire ocheperako ndi 1000 bacteria / ml, ndi zovuta zosagwirizana ndi mankhwala ndi 1% kapena zochulukirapo zimatha kupezeka.
4. Kuzindikira Kwambiri: Palibe mtanda womwe umakhala ndi masinthidwe a (511, 516, 526 ndi 531) masamba anayi omwe amakana ma quab.
Kudziwika ndi masinthidwe aMTB ndi Rifampiciacin kukana
1. Kuyambitsa kuwongolera kwapakatikati mu kachitidwe kumatha kuwunika mokwanira njira yoyesera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuyera.
2. Njira yosungunuka yophatikizidwa ndi probere yotsekedwa yokhala ndi ma ruse obadwira mu RNA inkagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupezeka kwa vitro.
3. Kuzindikira kwambiri: malire ocheperako ndi mabakiteriya / ml.
4. Kusanjika kwakukulu: Palibe mtanda wokhala ndi mtundu wa anthu, osaneneka a Mycobaciteriteria ndi matenda a chibayo; Masamba osinthana a mitundu ina yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amtundu wa mycobacterium, monga katg 315g> C \ a ndi Int -15 C> adapezeka, ndipo zotsatira zake sizinapezeke.
1. Kuyambitsa kuwongolera kwapakatikati mu kachitidwe kumatha kuwunika mokwanira njira yoyesera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuyera.
2. Njira ya enzyme yotsatsira kutentha nthawi zonse imakhazikitsidwa, ndipo nthawi yodziwika ndi yodziwika ndi yochepa, ndipo zopezekapo zimatha kupezeka mphindi 30.
3. Kuphatikizidwa ndi zitsanzo zoyeserera za Macro & Macro-Macro-ma micro-micro-dicro-ma sheclevernt acinec acidic acid thempriction, ndikosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi yoyenera pazochitika zosiyanasiyana.
4. Chidwi chachikulu: malire ocheperako ndi 1000copees / ml.
5. Kuzindikira Kwambiri: Palibe mtanda wokhala ndi Mycobacteria za Mycobactiphs (monga Mycobacterium Kansar, Hamophilus Trueedezae, escrichia coli, etc .).
Nthawi Yolemba: Mar-22-2024