[Tsiku Lopewera Malungo Padziko Lonse] Kumvetsetsa malungo, pangani chitetezo champhamvu, ndipo kanani kuukiridwa ndi "malungo"

1 Kodi malungo ndi chiyani

Malungo ndi matenda opatsirana omwe angathe kupewedwa komanso kuchiritsidwa, omwe amadziwika kuti "shakes" ndi "cold fever", ndipo ndi amodzi mwa matenda opatsirana omwe akuopseza kwambiri miyoyo ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi.

Malungo ndi matenda opatsirana ofalitsidwa ndi tizilombo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi Anopheles kapena kuikidwa magazi kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi plasmodium.

Pali mitundu inayi ya plasmodium parasitic pa thupi la munthu:

Madera awiri a mliri

Mpaka pano, mliri wa malungo padziko lonse lapansi ukadali woopsa kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi 40% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi amakhala m'madera omwe malungo amapezeka kwambiri.

Malungo akadali matenda oopsa kwambiri ku Africa, ndipo anthu pafupifupi 500 miliyoni amakhala m'madera omwe malungo amapezeka kwambiri. Chaka chilichonse, anthu pafupifupi 100 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi amakhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda a malungo, 90% mwa iwo ali ku Africa, ndipo anthu opitilira 2 miliyoni amafa ndi malungo chaka chilichonse. Kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi pakati pa Asia ndi madera omwe malungo ali ambiri. Malungo akadali ofala ku Central ndi South America.

Pa June 30, 2021, bungwe la WHO linalengeza kuti dziko la China lavomerezedwa kuti ndi lopanda malungo.

3 njira yofalitsira malungo

01. Kufalikira kwa udzudzu

Njira yayikulu yotumizira:

Kulumidwa ndi udzudzu womwe uli ndi plasmodium.

02. Kutumiza magazi

Matenda a malungo obadwa nawo angayambitsidwe ndi placenta yowonongeka kapena magazi a mayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka plasmodium panthawi yobereka.

Kuphatikiza apo, n'zothekanso kutenga matenda a malungo potumiza magazi omwe ali ndi plasmodium.

4 Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za malungo

Kuyambira pamene anthu amatenga kachilombo ka plasmodium mpaka kuyamba kwake (kutentha kwa mkamwa kopitirira 37.8℃), imatchedwa nthawi yoberekera.

Nthawi yoberekera imaphatikizapo nthawi yonse ya infrared ndi nthawi yoyamba yobereka ya nthawi yofiira. Malaria ya General Vivax, malaria ya ovoid kwa masiku 14, malaria ya falciparum kwa masiku 12, ndi malaria ya masiku atatu kwa masiku 30.

Kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana kwa ma protozoa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chitetezo chamthupi chosiyana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopatsira matenda kungayambitse nthawi zosiyanasiyana zoberekera.

Pali mitundu ya tizilombo tomwe timatchedwa long latency m'madera otentha, omwe amatha kukhala miyezi 8 mpaka 14.

Nthawi yoberekera matenda opatsirana kudzera m'magazi ndi masiku 7 mpaka 10. Malungo a mwana wosabadwayo amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yoberekera.

Nthawi yoberekera ikhoza kukulitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi kapena omwe adamwa mankhwala oletsa matendawa.

5 Kupewa ndi kuchiza

01. Malungo amafalikira ndi udzudzu. Chitetezo cha munthu payekha ndicho chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti mupewe kulumidwa ndi udzudzu. Makamaka panja, yesani kuvala zovala zodzitetezera, monga manja aatali ndi mathalauza. Khungu loonekera likhoza kuphimbidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa udzudzu.

02. Chitani ntchito yabwino yoteteza mabanja, gwiritsani ntchito maukonde oteteza udzudzu, zitseko zotchingira ndi zotchingira, ndipo thirani mankhwala ophera udzudzu m'chipinda chogona musanagone.

03. Samalani ndi ukhondo wa chilengedwe, chotsani zinyalala ndi udzu, dzazani mabowo a zinyalala, ndipo chitani bwino ntchito yoletsa udzudzu.

yankho

Macro-Micro & TEstyapanga zida zingapo zodziwira malungo, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nsanja ya fluorescence PCR, nsanja ya isothermal amplification ndi nsanja ya immunochromatography, ndipo imapereka yankho lonse komanso lokwanira pa matenda, kuyang'anira chithandizo ndi kuneneratu za matenda a plasmodium:

01/pulatifomu ya immunochromatographic

Plasmodium Falciparum/Plasmodium Vivax AntigenZida Zodziwira

Chida chodziwira antigen cha Plasmodium falciparum

Zida zodziwira antigen za Plasmodium

Ndi yoyenera kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira Plasmodium falciparum (PF), Plasmodium vivax (PV), Plasmodium ovatum (PO) kapena Plasmodium vivax (PM) m'magazi a m'mitsempha kapena m'magazi a anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za malungo mu vitro, ndipo imatha kuzindikira matenda a plasmodium m'njira yothandizira.

Ntchito yosavuta: njira ya magawo atatu

Kusunga ndi mayendedwe a kutentha kwa chipinda: Kusunga ndi mayendedwe a kutentha kwa chipinda kwa miyezi 24.

Zotsatira zolondola: kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kulunjika.

Nsanja ya PCR ya 02/fluorescent

Zida zodziwira asidi wa Plasmodium nucleic acid

Ndi yoyenera kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira Plasmodium falciparum (PF), Plasmodium vivax (PV), Plasmodium ovatum (PO) kapena Plasmodium vivax (PM) m'magazi a m'mitsempha kapena m'magazi a anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za malungo mu vitro, ndipo imatha kuzindikira matenda a plasmodium m'njira yothandizira.

Kuwongolera khalidwe la mkati: kuyang'anira mokwanira njira yoyesera kuti muwonetsetse kuti khalidwe la kuyesa ndi labwino.

Kuzindikira kwambiri: Makopi 5/μL

Kufotokozera kwakukulu: palibe kuyanjana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapezeka m'mapapo.

03/Nsanja yokulitsa kutentha nthawi zonse.

Zida zodziwira asidi wa Plasmodium nucleic acid

Ndi yoyenera kuzindikira bwino plasmodium nucleic acid m'magazi omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka plasmodium.

Kuwongolera khalidwe la mkati: kuyang'anira mokwanira njira yoyesera kuti muwonetsetse kuti khalidwe la kuyesa ndi labwino.

Kuzindikira kwambiri: Makopi 5/μL

Kufotokozera kwakukulu: palibe kuyanjana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapezeka m'mapapo.