Pa Meyi 17, 2023 ndi tsiku la 19 la "World Hypertension Day".
Hypertension amadziwika kuti "wakupha" wa thanzi la munthu.Oposa theka la matenda a mtima, sitiroko ndi kulephera kwa mtima amayamba chifukwa cha matenda oopsa.Choncho, tidakali ndi njira yayitali yoti tipite popewa komanso kuchiza matenda oopsa.
01 Kufalikira kwa matenda oopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi
Padziko lonse lapansi, pafupifupi akuluakulu 1.28 biliyoni azaka zapakati pa 30-79 amadwala matenda a kuthamanga kwa magazi.Ndi 42% yokha ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa omwe amapezeka ndi kuthandizidwa, ndipo pafupifupi mmodzi mwa odwala asanu ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi.Mu 2019, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chifukwa cha matenda oopsa padziko lonse lapansi adaposa 10 miliyoni, zomwe zidapangitsa pafupifupi 19% yaimfa zonse.
02 Kodi Hypertension ndi chiyani?
Hypertension ndi matenda amtima omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi.
Odwala ambiri alibe zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zoonekeratu.Ochepa ochepa odwala matenda oopsa akhoza kukhala ndi chizungulire, kutopa kapena mphuno.Odwala ena omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa systolic kwa 200mmHg kapena kupitilira apo sangakhale ndi ziwonetsero zodziwikiratu, koma mtima wawo, ubongo, impso ndi mitsempha yawonongeka pamlingo wina.Pamene matendawa akupita patsogolo, matenda owopsa monga kulephera kwa mtima, matenda a myocardial infarction, kutayika kwa magazi muubongo, cerebral infarction, aimpso insufficiency, uremia, ndi zotumphukira mitsempha occlusion.
(1) Kuthamanga kwa magazi kofunikira: kumakhala pafupifupi 90-95% ya odwala matenda oopsa.Zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi zinthu zambiri monga majini, moyo, kunenepa kwambiri, kupsinjika maganizo komanso zaka.
(2) Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwachiwiri: kumakhala pafupifupi 5-10% ya odwala matenda oopsa.Ndiko kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga matenda a impso, matenda a endocrine, matenda a mtima, zotsatira za mankhwala, ndi zina zotero.
03 Chithandizo chamankhwala kwa odwala matenda oopsa
Mfundo zochizira matenda oopsa ndi: kumwa mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuwongolera zizindikiro, kupewa ndi kuwongolera zovuta, ndi zina. Njira zochizira zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa moyo, kuwongolera payekhapayekha kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kuwongolera ziwopsezo zamtima, pakati pawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali mankhwala a antihypertensive ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri yochizira.
Madokotala nthawi zambiri amasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala okhudzana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuopsa kwa mtima kwa wodwalayo, ndikuphatikiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti akwaniritse kuthamanga kwa magazi.Mankhwala a antihypertensive omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi odwala ndi monga angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), β-blockers, calcium channel blockers (CCB), ndi okodzetsa.
04 Kuyeza kwa majini kwa munthu aliyense payekha payekha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa odwala matenda oopsa
Pakali pano, mankhwala a antihypertensive omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuchipatala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kusiyana kwapayekha, ndipo machiritso a mankhwala a matenda oopsa amagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma genetic polymorphisms.Pharmacogenomics imatha kumveketsa bwino ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kuyankha kwamunthu pamankhwala ndi kusintha kwa majini, monga kuchiritsa, kuchuluka kwa mlingo ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike.Madokotala ozindikira zolinga za jini zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi mwa odwala angathandize kulinganiza mankhwala.
Choncho, kudziwika kwa ma polymorphisms okhudzana ndi mankhwala okhudzana ndi mankhwala kungapereke umboni wokhudzana ndi majini pa chisankho chachipatala cha mitundu yoyenera ya mankhwala ndi mlingo wa mankhwala, ndikuwongolera chitetezo ndi mphamvu ya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
05 Chiwerengero chogwiritsidwa ntchito poyezetsa majini a munthu payekhapayekha mankhwala a matenda oopsa
(1) Odwala matenda oopsa
(2) Anthu amene amadwala matenda oopsa kwambiri m’banja
(3) Anthu omwe adakumana ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo
(4) Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo
(5) Anthu amene amafunika kumwa mankhwala angapo nthawi imodzi
06 Zothetsera
Macro & Micro-Test yapanga zida zodziwira ma fluorescence angapo kuti ziwongolere komanso kuzindikira mankhwala a matenda oopsa, ndikupereka yankho lathunthu komanso lokwanira pakuwongolera mankhwala amunthu payekhapayekha ndikuwunika kuopsa kwa zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala:
Mankhwalawa amatha kuzindikira 8 gene loci yokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso magulu akuluakulu a 5 ofanana (B adrenergic receptor blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Calcium antagonists ndi okodzetsa), chida chofunikira chomwe chingawongolere mankhwala payekha payekha. ndikuwunika kuopsa kwa zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala.Pozindikira ma enzymes ophatikizira mankhwala ndi majini omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi mankhwala, asing'anga amatha kuwongolera kusankha mankhwala oyenera a antihypertensive ndi mlingo wa odwala enaake, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo chamankhwala a antihypertensive.
Zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito: Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosungunuka, zitsime za 2 zimatha kuzindikira masamba 8.
Mkulu tilinazo: malire otsika kwambiri ndi 10.0ng/μL.
Kulondola kwakukulu: Zitsanzo zonse za 60 zinayesedwa, ndipo malo a SNP a jini iliyonse anali ogwirizana ndi zotsatira za kutsatizana kwa mbadwo wotsatira kapena kutsatiridwa kwa mbadwo woyamba, ndipo chiwerengero cha kupambana chinali 100%.
Zotsatira zodalirika: Kuwongolera kwamtundu wamkati kumatha kuyang'anira njira yonse yodziwira.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-17-2023