Pa 17 Meyi, 2023 ndi tsiku la 19 la "Tsiku la Matenda Othamanga Kwambiri Padziko Lonse".
Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumadziwika kuti ndi "chopha" thanzi la anthu. Matenda opitilira theka a mtima, sitiroko, ndi kulephera kwa mtima amayamba chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, tili ndi ulendo wautali woti tipite popewa ndi kuchiza kuthamanga kwa magazi.
01 Kufalikira kwa matenda oopsa padziko lonse lapansi
Padziko lonse lapansi, akuluakulu pafupifupi 1.28 biliyoni azaka zapakati pa 30-79 ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi. Odwala 42% okha omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi omwe amapezeka ndi kulandira chithandizo, ndipo pafupifupi wodwala m'modzi mwa asanu ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi komwe kumawongolera. Mu 2019, chiwerengero cha imfa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi padziko lonse lapansi chinapitirira 10 miliyoni, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi 19% ya imfa zonse.
02 Kodi Kuthamanga kwa Magazi Othamanga Ndi Chiyani?
Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda a mtima omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi nthawi zonse.
Odwala ambiri alibe zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zoonekeratu. Odwala ochepa omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi amatha kukhala ndi chizungulire, kutopa kapena kutuluka magazi m'mphuno. Odwala ena omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa 200mmHg kapena kupitirira apo sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zoonekeratu zachipatala, koma mtima wawo, ubongo, impso ndi mitsempha yamagazi yawonongeka pang'ono. Pamene matendawa akupita patsogolo, matenda omwe amaika moyo pachiswe monga kulephera kwa mtima, matenda a mtima, kutuluka magazi m'mitsempha, matenda a ubongo, kulephera kwa impso, uremia, ndi kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi pamapeto pake zidzachitika.
(1) Matenda oopsa kwambiri: ndi omwe amachititsa pafupifupi 90-95% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Izi zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi zinthu zambiri monga majini, moyo, kunenepa kwambiri, kupsinjika maganizo ndi ukalamba.
(2) Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwachiwiri: ndi komwe kumayambitsa pafupifupi 5-10% ya odwala omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena mankhwala, monga matenda a impso, matenda a endocrine, matenda a mtima, zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala, ndi zina zotero.
03 Mankhwala a anthu odwala matenda oopsa kwambiri
Mfundo zochizira matenda oopsa ndi izi: kumwa mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepetsa zizindikiro, kupewa ndi kuwongolera zovuta, ndi zina zotero. Njira zochizira zimaphatikizapo kusintha moyo, kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi payekha, komanso kuwongolera zoopsa za mtima, zomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa nthawi yayitali ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri yothandizira.
Madokotala nthawi zambiri amasankha mankhwala osiyanasiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi chiopsezo cha mtima cha wodwalayo, ndipo amaphatikiza mankhwala kuti athetse kuthamanga kwa magazi moyenera. Mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi odwala ndi monga angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), β-blockers, calcium channel blockers (CCB), ndi diuretics.
04 Kuyesa majini kuti agwiritse ntchito mankhwala payekhapayekha kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi
Pakadali pano, mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'machipatala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kusiyana kwapadera, ndipo zotsatira za mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma genetic polymorphisms. Pharmacogenomics imatha kufotokoza bwino ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa momwe munthu amayankhira mankhwala ndi kusintha kwa majini, monga momwe munthu amayankhira, kuchuluka kwa mlingo, ndi kudikira kwa zotsatira zoyipa. Madokotala omwe amazindikira zolinga za majini zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kulamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi mwa odwala angathandize kupanga mankhwala ofanana.
Chifukwa chake, kuzindikira ma polymorphisms okhudzana ndi mankhwala kungapereke umboni wofunikira wa majini posankha mitundu yoyenera ya mankhwala ndi mlingo wa mankhwala, ndikuwonjezera chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito a mankhwala.
05 Anthu oyenerera poyesa majini a mankhwala ochizira kuthamanga kwa magazi
(1) Odwala omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi
(2) Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja lawo ya kuthamanga kwa magazi
(3) Anthu omwe adakumanapo ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala osokoneza bongo
(4) Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
(5) Anthu omwe amafunika kumwa mankhwala ambiri nthawi imodzi
06 Mayankho
Macro & Micro-Test yapanga zida zambiri zodziwira kuwala kuti zitsogolere ndi kuzindikira mankhwala othamanga magazi, zomwe zimapereka njira yonse komanso yokwanira yowongolera mankhwala azachipatala payekhapayekha komanso kuwunika chiopsezo cha zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri pamankhwala:
Mankhwalawa amatha kuzindikira majini 8 okhudzana ndi mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi magulu 5 akuluakulu a mankhwala (B adrenergic receptor blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Calcium antagonists ndi diuretics), chida chofunikira chomwe chingatsogolere mankhwala ochiritsira payekhapayekha ndikuwunika chiopsezo cha zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri pamankhwala. Mwa kuzindikira ma enzymes ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi majini omwe amalimbana ndi mankhwala, asing'anga amatha kutsogoleredwa kuti asankhe mankhwala oyenera ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi mlingo wa odwala enaake, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo cha mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito: pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosungunula, zitsime ziwiri zoyankhira zimatha kuzindikira malo 8.
Kuzindikira kwambiri: malire otsika kwambiri ozindikira ndi 10.0ng/μL.
Kulondola kwambiri: Zitsanzo 60 zonse zinayesedwa, ndipo malo a SNP a jini iliyonse anali ogwirizana ndi zotsatira za kutsatana kwa mbadwo wotsatira kapena kutsatana kwa mbadwo woyamba, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kupambana chopezeka chinali 100%.
Zotsatira zodalirika: Kuwongolera khalidwe lamkati kumatha kuyang'anira njira yonse yopezera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-17-2023