Pa Disembala 1, 2022 ndi tsiku la 35 la Tsiku la Edzi Padziko Lonse. UNAIDS ikutsimikizira kuti mutu wa Tsiku la Edzi Padziko Lonse la 2022 ndi "Kufanana".Cholinga cha mutuwu ndi kupititsa patsogolo njira zopewera ndi kuchiza matenda a Edzi, kulimbikitsa anthu onse kuti achitepo kanthu mwachangu ku chiopsezo cha matenda a Edzi, komanso kumanga ndi kugawana malo abwino ochezera.
Malinga ndi deta ya United Nations Program on AIDS, pofika mu 2021, panali anthu atsopano 1.5 miliyoni omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo anthu 650,000 adzafa ndi matenda okhudzana ndi AIDS. Mliri wa AIDS udzayambitsa imfa ya munthu mmodzi pamphindi imodzi.
01 Kodi Edzi ndi chiyani?
Edzi imatchedwanso "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome". Ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV, komwe kamayambitsa kuwonongedwa kwa ma T lymphocytes ambiri ndikupangitsa thupi la munthu kutaya mphamvu ya chitetezo chamthupi. Ma T lymphocytes ndi maselo oteteza thupi la munthu. Edzi imapangitsa anthu kukhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana ndipo imawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi zotupa zoyipa, chifukwa ma T-cell a odwala amawonongeka, ndipo chitetezo chawo chamthupi chimakhala chochepa kwambiri. Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala ochizira matenda a HIV, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe mankhwala ochizira matenda a Edzi.
02 Zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV
Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a Edzi ndi monga kutentha thupi kosalekeza, kufooka, matenda a lymphadenopathy osalekeza, komanso kuchepa thupi kopitilira 10% m'miyezi 6. Odwala matenda a Edzi omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zina angayambitse zizindikiro za kupuma monga chifuwa, kupweteka pachifuwa, kupuma movutikira, ndi zina zotero. Zizindikiro za m'mimba: anorexia, nseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, ndi zina zotero. Zizindikiro zina: chizungulire, mutu, kusayankha, kufooka kwa maganizo, ndi zina zotero.
03 Njira zopezera matenda a Edzi
Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zopezera kachilombo ka HIV: kufalikira kwa magazi, kufalikira kwa kachilomboka m'njira yogonana, komanso kufalikira kwa kachilomboka kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana.
(1) Kufalitsa magazi: Kufalitsa magazi ndiyo njira yolunjika kwambiri yopezera matenda. Mwachitsanzo, majekeseni ogwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi, mabala atsopano omwe amakhudzidwa ndi magazi kapena zinthu zamagazi zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodetsedwa jakisoni, acupuncture, kuchotsa mano, zojambula pakhungu, kuboola makutu, ndi zina zotero. Matenda onsewa ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.
(2) Kupatsirana mwa kugonana: Kupatsirana mwa kugonana ndiyo njira yofala kwambiri yopatsirana kachilombo ka HIV. Kugonana pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kungayambitse kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV.
(3) Kupatsirana kwa mwana kuchokera kwa mayi: Amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amapatsira mwana kachilombo ka HIV panthawi ya mimba, pobereka kapena poyamwitsa mwana atangobereka kumene.
04 Mayankho
Macro & Micro-Test yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zodziwira matenda opatsirana, ndipo yapanga zida zodziwira kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV (Fluorescence PCR). Zidazi ndizoyenera kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV m'magazi a anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV panthawi ya chithandizo. Zimapereka njira zothandizira kuzindikira ndi kuchiza odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
| Dzina la Chinthu | Kufotokozera |
| Kiti Yodziwira Kuchuluka kwa HIV (Fluorescence PCR) | Mayeso 50/zida |
Ubwino
(1)Kulamulira kwamkati kumayikidwa mu dongosololi, lomwe limatha kuyang'anira bwino njira yoyesera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti DNA ili bwino kuti tipewe zotsatira zabodza.
(2)Imagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa PCR amplification ndi ma fluorescent probes.
(3)Kuzindikira kwambiri: LoD ya kit ndi 100 IU/mL, LoQ ya kit ndi 500 IU/mL.
(4)Gwiritsani ntchito zidazi kuti muyesere kuchuluka kwa HIV komwe kwachepetsedwa, coefficient yake yolumikizana (r) iyenera kukhala yosachepera 0.98.
(5)Kupatuka kwathunthu kwa zotsatira zodziwika (lg IU/mL) za kulondola sikuyenera kupitirira ±0.5.
(6)Kufotokozera kwakukulu: palibe kuyanjana ndi mavairasi ena kapena zitsanzo za mabakiteriya monga: human cytomegalovirus, EB virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis A virus, syphilis, herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, fuluwenza A virus, staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-01-2022