Ndemanga yaPepala Lofufuza Lakale
Kachilombo ka Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) ndi Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) ndi tmatenda opatsirana omwe ali pafupi kwambiri mkati mwaPneumoviridaebanjazomwe nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka pankhani ya matenda opatsirana opatsirana m'mapapo mwa ana. Ngakhale kuti mafotokozedwe awo azachipatala amafanana, deta yowunikira yomwe ikuyembekezeka (2016–2020) yochokera kuzipatala 7 za ana ku US—yokhudza odwala 8,605—ikuwonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, kuopsa kwa matenda, ndi kasamalidwe kachipatala. Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kogwira ntchito, koyembekezeredwa kosonkhanitsa ndi kuyesa mavairasi 8 opumira m'mphuno, zomwe zikupereka kufananiza koyamba kwakukulu, kwenikweni kwa madokotala a ana. Mwa kusanthula kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali m'chipatala, kuvomerezedwa ku ICU, kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino wamakina, komanso kukhala m'chipatala kwa nthawi yayitali (masiku ≥3), imakhazikitsa maziko ofunikira a epidemiological asanafike nthawi yothandizira nthawi ya katemera watsopano wa RSV (monga katemera wa amayi, ma antibodies a monoclonal omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali) ndikupanga chimango cha chitukuko cha katemera wa HMPV mtsogolo.
Mfundo Yofunika 1: Mbiri Zosiyana Zokhudza Chiwopsezo Chachikulu
-Matenda a RSV amakhudza kwambiri makanda aang'ono:Avereji ya zaka zomwe odwala omwe adalowa m'chipatala anali miyezi 7 yokha, ndipo 29.2% ya odwala omwe adalowa m'chipatala anali akhanda (miyezi 0-2). RSV ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chogonera m'chipatala mwa makanda osakwana miyezi 6, ndipo kuopsa kwake kumagwirizana ndi zaka.
-HMPV imayang'ana ana okalamba ndi omwe ali ndi matenda ena:Avereji ya zaka zomwe ana amagonekedwa m'chipatala inali miyezi 16, ndipo izi zimakhudza kwambiri ana opitirira chaka chimodzi. Chodziwika bwino n'chakuti, kufalikira kwa matenda ena (monga matenda a mtima, mitsempha, kupuma) kunali kokwera kuwirikiza kawiri mwa odwala a HMPV (26%) poyerekeza ndi odwala a RSV (11%), zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Chithunzi 1. Kugawa kwa zaka za maulendo a ED ndi kugonekedwa m'chipatalayogwirizana ndi RSV kapena HMPV
mwa ana osakwana zaka 18.
Chofunikira 2: Kusiyanitsa Mafotokozedwe Azachipatala
-RSV imawonekera ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za kupuma movutikira:Zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi bronchiolitis (76.7% ya milandu yomwe imagonekedwa m'chipatala). Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi izi:kutsekeka kwa khoma la chifuwa (76.9% odwala omwe ali m'chipinda chogona; 27.5% ED)nditachypnea (91.8% odwala m'chipinda chimodzi; 69.8% ED), zonsezi zimachitika pafupipafupi kwambiri kuposa mu HMPV.
-HMPV imabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu cha malungo ndi chibayo:Chibayo chinapezeka mwa 35.6% ya odwala a HMPV omwe anali m'chipatala—kuwirikiza kawiri chiwerengero cha odwala RSV.Malungo anali chizindikiro chachikulu (83.6% odwala omwe anali m'chipatala; 81% odwala omwe anali m'chipatala)Ngakhale zizindikiro za kupuma monga kupuma movutikira ndi tachypnea zimachitika, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa za RSV.
Chithunzi 2.Makhalidwe oyerekeza ndi zachipatalamaphunziroya RSV poyerekeza ndi HMPV mwa ana osakwana zaka 18.
Chidule: RSVMatendawa nthawi zambiri amayambitsa matenda aakulu mwa makanda aang'ono, omwe amadziwika ndi vuto lalikulu la kupuma (kupuma movutikira, kubweza m'mbuyo) ndi bronchiolitis.HMPVKawirikawiri imakhudza ana okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda ena, imakhala ndi malungo aakulu, imakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha chibayo, ndipo nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kutupa kwa thupi lonse.
Mfundo Yaikulu 3: Mapangidwe a Nyengo Ndi Ofunika
-RSV ili ndi chiwopsezo chodziwikiratu msanga:Ntchito yake imakhala yochuluka kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imakhala pachimake pakati paNovembala ndi Januwale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chiwopsezo chachikulu cha mavairasi kwa makanda nthawi ya autumn ndi yozizira.
-HMPV imafika pachimake pambuyo pake ndi kusiyana kwakukulu:Nyengo yake ifika mochedwa, nthawi zambiri imakhala pachimakeMarichi ndi Epulo, ndipo zimasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu kwa chaka ndi chaka komanso madera, nthawi zambiri kumawoneka ngati "funde lachiwiri" pambuyo poti RSV yatsika.
Chithunzi 3.PCR yabwino komanso yeniyeni pamalo akeekuchuluka kwa ana osakwana zaka 18 omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (ARI) komanso omwe ali m'chipatala.
Kupewa ndi Kusamalira: Ndondomeko Yochitira Zinthu Yogwirizana ndi Umboni
-Kupewa RSV:Njira zopewera matendawa zilipo tsopano. Mu 2023, bungwe la US FDA linavomereza mankhwala oletsa mabakiteriya a monoclonal (Nirsevimab) omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali, omwe angateteze makanda kwa miyezi yawo 5 yoyamba. Kuphatikiza apo, katemera wa RSV wa amayi amasamutsa bwino ma antibodies oteteza makanda kwa makanda obadwa kumene.
-Kuteteza ku HMPV:Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala oletsa matenda ovomerezeka. Komabe, pali mankhwala angapo omwe akufunika katemera (monga katemera wophatikiza wa AstraZeneca wa RSV/HMPV) omwe akuyesedwa kuchipatala. Makolo akulangizidwa kuti azidziwa zambiri zokhudza zosintha kuchokera kwa akuluakulu azaumoyo.
Fufuzani Chithandizo Chachipatala Mwamsanga Ngati Muli ndi "Zikwangwani Zofiira" Izi:
-Malungo mwa Makanda:Kutentha kwa mwana wakhanda wosakwana miyezi itatu ≥38°C (100.4°F).
-Kuchuluka kwa Kupuma:Kupuma kumapitirira mpweya 60 pamphindi kwa makanda a miyezi 1-5, kapena mpweya 40 pamphindi kwa ana azaka 1-5, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kupuma kungakhale kovuta.
-Mpweya Wochepa Wokwanira:Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni (SpO₂) kumatsika pansi pa 90%, chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda oopsa omwe amapezeka mwa 30% ya RSV ndi 32.1% ya milandu ya HMPV yomwe ili m'chipatala mu kafukufukuyu.
-Kutopa kapena Mavuto Okhudza Kudya:Kutopa kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwa mkaka wotengedwa ndi theka lachiwiri mkati mwa maola 24, zomwe zingakhale chifukwa cha kusowa madzi m'thupi.
Ngakhale kuti ndi zosiyana pa matenda a epidemiology ndi momwe matenda amaonekera, kusiyanitsa molondola pakati pa RSV ndi HMPV pamalo osamalira odwala kumakhala kovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, chiopsezo cha matenda chimapitirira mavairasi awiriwa, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga fuluwenza A ndi mitundu ina ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mabakiteriya nthawi imodzi zimawopseza thanzi la anthu. Chifukwa chake, kuzindikira matenda nthawi yake komanso molondola ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera koyenera, kudzipatula bwino, komanso kugawa zinthu mwanzeru.
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Kuyesa kwathunthu kwa kupuma kumeneku kukuwonetsamavairasi ndi mabakiteriya onsekuchokera ku chitsanzo chimodzi, zomwe zimathandiza opereka chithandizo chamankhwala omwe ali patsogolo kupanga zisankho zodzidalira, zanthawi yake, komanso zolunjika pa chithandizo.
Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri pa Kachitidwe ka Zinthu Zomwe Zili Zofunika kwa Makasitomala Anu
Kayendedwe ka Ntchito Kokha Kokha
Nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi mphindi zosakwana 5. Palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito anthu odziwa bwino ntchito ya molekyulu.
- Zotsatira Zachangu
Nthawi yosinthira ya mphindi 30 imathandizira malo ofunikira azachipatala mwachangu.
- 14Kuzindikira kwa Multiplex ya Tizilombo
Kuzindikiritsa nthawi imodzi kwa:
Mavairasi:COVID-19,Influenza A & B,RSV,Adv,hMPV,Rhv,Parainfluenza mitundu I-IV,HBoV,EV,CoV
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Kuzindikira mwachangu komanso mokwanira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikofunikira kwambiri pa kasamalidwe kamakono ka matenda opatsirana popuma kwa ana. Dongosolo la AIO800, lomwe lili ndi gulu lake la PCR lodziyimira palokha, la mphindi 30, limapereka yankho lothandiza pa malo otsogola. Mwa kuthandizira kuzindikira koyambirira komanso molondola kwa RSV, HMPV, ndi tizilombo tina tofunikira, limapatsa mphamvu asing'anga kupanga zisankho zochizira, kukonza kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, ndikukhazikitsa njira zowongolera matenda moyenera—pomaliza pake kukonza chisamaliro cha odwala komanso magwiridwe antchito azaumoyo.
#RSV #HMPV #Mwachangu #Kudziwika #Kupuma #Chirombo #Chitsanzo-kuyankha#MacroMicroTest
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-02-2025