Pa 18 Marichi, 2024 ndi tsiku la 24 la "Chikondi cha Dziko Lonse pa Tsiku la Chiwindi", ndipo mutu wotsatsa chaka chino ndi "kupewa msanga ndi kuyezetsa magazi msanga, komanso kupewa matenda a chiwindi".
Malinga ndi ziwerengero za World Health Organization (WHO), anthu opitilira miliyoni imodzi amafa chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse. Pafupifupi m'modzi mwa abale ndi abwenzi athu 10 aliwonse ali ndi kachilombo kosatha ka hepatitis B kapena C, ndipo chiwindi chamafuta chimakhala chaching'ono.
Tsiku la Dziko Lonse la Chikondi cha Chiwindi linakhazikitsidwa kuti lisonkhanitse magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu, kulimbikitsa anthu ambiri, kufalitsa chidziwitso cha sayansi chodziwika bwino chopewa matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda a chiwindi, komanso kuteteza thanzi la anthu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matenda a chiwindi monga chiwindi B, chiwindi C ndi chiwindi choledzeretsa chikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka ku China.
Tiyeni tichite zinthu limodzi, tifalitse chidziwitso chokhudza kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda a chiwindi, tichite kafukufuku mwachangu, tipereke chithandizo choyenera, komanso tizitsatira nthawi zonse kuti tichepetse kufalikira kwa matenda a chiwindi.
01 Dziwani chiwindi.
Malo a chiwindi: Chiwindi ndi chiwindi. Chili pamwamba kumanja kwa mimba ndipo chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri yosunga moyo. Ndi chiwalo chachikulu kwambiri chamkati mwa thupi la munthu.
Ntchito zazikulu za chiwindi ndi izi: kutulutsa ndulu, kusunga glycogen, ndikuwongolera kagayidwe ka mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Chimathandizanso kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi, kuchotsa magazi m'thupi, komanso kutsekeka kwa magazi.
02 Matenda ofala a chiwindi.
1 chiwindi cha chiwindi choledzeretsa
Kumwa mowa kumavulaza chiwindi, ndipo kuvulala kwa chiwindi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kumwa mowa kumatchedwa matenda a chiwindi oledzera, omwe angayambitsenso kuchuluka kwa transaminase, ndipo kumwa mowa kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitsenso matenda a chiwindi.
2 Chiwindi chamafuta
Kawirikawiri, tikunena za chiwindi chamafuta chomwe sichili ndi mowa, chomwe ndi chonenepa kwambiri. Zilonda za minofu ya chiwindi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'chiwindi nthawi zambiri zimayenderana ndi kukana insulin, ndipo odwala ali onenepa kwambiri ndipo ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu katatu. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa moyo, chiwerengero cha chiwindi chamafuta chikuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku. Anthu ambiri apeza kuti transaminase ikukwera pofufuza thupi, ndipo nthawi zambiri sailabadira. Akatswiri ambiri omwe si akatswiri angaganize kuti chiwindi chamafuta sichinthu. Ndipotu, chiwindi chamafuta ndi choopsa kwambiri ndipo chingayambitsenso matenda a chiwindi.
3 Matenda a chiwindi oyambitsidwa ndi mankhwala
Ndikukhulupirira kuti pali mankhwala ambiri azaumoyo omwe ali ndi mphamvu yotchedwa "kukonza thupi", ndipo ndimakonda kwambiri mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya thupi, mapiritsi ochepetsa thupi, mankhwala okongoletsa, mankhwala azitsamba aku China, ndi zina zotero. Monga aliyense akudziwa, "mankhwala ndi oopsa m'njira zitatu", ndipo zotsatira za "kukonza thupi" ndikuti mankhwala ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'thupi zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa pa thupi la munthu ndikuvulaza chiwindi.
Choncho, simuyenera kumwa mankhwala mwachisawawa popanda kudziwa za mankhwala ndi mphamvu zake, ndipo muyenera kutsatira malangizo a dokotala.
03 kuchita kuvulaza chiwindi.
1 Kumwa mowa kwambiri
Chiwindi ndi chiwalo chokhacho chomwe chingathe kugayitsa mowa. Kumwa mowa kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse chiwindi chokhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Ngati sitimwa mowa pang'ono, chiwindi chidzawonongeka ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo ambiri a chiwindi afe ndikuyambitsa matenda a chiwindi osatha. Ngati chipitirira kukula kwambiri, chidzayambitsa matenda a chiwindi komanso khansa ya chiwindi.
2 Khalani maso mochedwa kwa nthawi yayitali
Pambuyo pa 23 koloko madzulo, nthawi yakwana yoti chiwindi chichotse poizoni m'thupi ndikudzikonza chokha. Pakadali pano, sindinagone, zomwe zingakhudze kuchotsedwa kwa poizoni m'thupi ndi kukonzanso chiwindi usiku. Kugona mochedwa komanso kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya chiwindi komanso kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi.
3Tkumwa mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali
Mankhwala ambiri amafunika kusinthidwa ndi chiwindi, ndipo kumwa mankhwala mosasankha kumawonjezera katundu pachiwindi ndipo kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi chifukwa cha mankhwala.
Kuphatikiza apo, kudya mopitirira muyeso, kusuta fodya, kudya mafuta okhala ndi malingaliro oipa (mkwiyo, kuvutika maganizo, ndi zina zotero), komanso kusakodza nthawi yake m'mawa kudzawononganso thanzi la chiwindi.
04 Zizindikiro za chiwindi choipa.
Thupi lonse likutopa kwambiri; Kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya ndi nseru; Kutentha thupi pang'ono kosalekeza, kapena kudana ndi chimfine; Kusamala sikophweka; Kuchepa mwadzidzidzi kwa kumwa mowa; Kukhala ndi nkhope yofooka ndikutaya kuwala; Khungu ndi lachikasu kapena kuyabwa; Mkodzo umasintha kukhala mtundu wa mowa; Chiwindi, nevus ya kangaude; Chizungulire; Kutuluka chikasu thupi lonse, makamaka sclera.
05 Momwe mungakondere ndikuteteza chiwindi.
1. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kukhala zosalala komanso zosalala.
2. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse komanso kupuma.
3. Musamwe mankhwala mosasamala: Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuyenera kuchitika motsogozedwa ndi dokotala. Musamwe mankhwala mosasamala ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala azaumoyo mosamala.
4. Katemera woteteza matenda a chiwindi: Katemera ndiye njira yothandiza kwambiri yopewera matenda a chiwindi omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kachilomboka.
5. Kuyezetsa thupi nthawi zonse: Akulu athanzi amalangizidwa kuti aziyezetsa thupi kamodzi pachaka (ntchito ya chiwindi, matenda a chiwindi a chiwindi B, mafuta m'magazi, chiwindi cha B-ultrasound, ndi zina zotero). Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a chiwindi amalangizidwa kuti aziyezetsa chiwindi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse - kuyezetsa chiwindi ndi ultrasound ndi kuyezetsa alpha-fetoprotein m'magazi kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi khansa ya chiwindi.
Yankho la chiwindi
Macro & Micro-Test imapereka zinthu zotsatirazi:
Gawo 1 kuzindikira kuchuluka kwaDNA ya HBV
Imatha kuwona kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV komwe kamapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HBV ndipo ndi chizindikiro chofunikira posankha zizindikiro za chithandizo cha ma virus komanso kuweruza momwe ma virus amagwirira ntchito. Pa chithandizo cha ma virus, kupeza yankho lokhazikika la ma virus kumatha kuwongolera kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwa matenda a chiwindi ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha HCC.
Gawo 2Kusanthula kwa majini a HBV
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini a HBV imasiyana malinga ndi matenda, kusiyanasiyana kwa kachilombo, mawonekedwe a matenda ndi momwe mankhwala amayankhidwira, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa HBeAg, kuopsa kwa zilonda za chiwindi, kuchuluka kwa khansa ya chiwindi, ndi zina zotero, komanso zimakhudza momwe matenda a HBV angachiritsidwire komanso momwe mankhwala oletsa mavairasi amathandizira.
Ubwino: Chubu chimodzi cha yankho la reaction chimatha kuzindikira mitundu B, C ndi D, ndipo malire ocheperako ozindikira ndi 100IU/mL.
Ubwino: kuchuluka kwa HBV DNA mu seramu kumatha kuzindikirika mochuluka, ndipo malire ocheperako ozindikira ndi 5IU/mL.
Gawo 3: Kuyeza kwaHBV RNA
Kuzindikira HBV RNA mu seramu kumatha kuwunika bwino kuchuluka kwa cccDNA mu hepatocytes, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupeza matenda a HBV, kuzindikira bwino chithandizo cha NAs kwa odwala a CHB komanso kulosera za kusiya mankhwala.
Ubwino: kuchuluka kwa HBV RNA mu seramu kumatha kuzindikirika mochuluka, ndipo malire ocheperako ozindikira ndi 100Copies/mL.
Gawo 4 Kuyeza kwa HCV RNA
Kuzindikira HCV RNA ndiye chizindikiro chodalirika kwambiri cha kachilombo koyambitsa matenda ndi kuberekana, komanso ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha momwe matenda a chiwindi C alili komanso momwe chithandizocho chimathandizira.
Ubwino: kuchuluka kwa HCV RNA mu seramu kapena plasma kumatha kuzindikirika mochuluka, ndipo malire ocheperako ozindikira ndi 25IU/mL.
Gawo 5Kusanthula kwa majini a HCV
Chifukwa cha makhalidwe a HCV-RNA virus polymerase, majini ake amasinthasintha mosavuta, ndipo majini ake amafanana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi momwe amachiritsira.
Ubwino: Chubu chimodzi cha yankho la reaction chimatha kuzindikira mitundu ya 1b, 2a, 3a, 3b ndi 6a polemba, ndipo malire ocheperako ozindikira ndi 200IU/mL.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-18-2024