Khutu ndi cholandirira chofunikira m'thupi la munthu, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yosunga mphamvu ya kumva ndi thupi. Kulephera kumva kumatanthauza kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa mawu, mawu omveka, ndi malo omvetsera pamlingo uliwonse mu dongosolo la kumva, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamve bwino.Malinga ndi deta yofunikira, ku China kuli anthu pafupifupi 27.8 miliyoni omwe ali ndi vuto la kumva ndi chilankhulo, pakati pawo makanda obadwa kumene ndi gulu lalikulu la odwala, ndipo makanda obadwa kumene osachepera 20,000 amavutika ndi vuto la kumva chaka chilichonse.
Ubwana ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa kumva ndi kulankhula kwa ana. Ngati zimakhala zovuta kulandira mawu ambiri panthawiyi, zimapangitsa kuti ana asakule bwino komanso kuti asamakule bwino.
1. Kufunika koyezetsa majini a anthu osamva
Pakadali pano, kutayika kwa kumva ndi vuto lofala kwambiri lobadwa nalo, lomwe lili pamalo oyamba pakati pa zilema zisanu (kulephera kumva, kulephera kuona, kulephera kuthupi, kulephera kwa nzeru, ndi kulephera maganizo). Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, pali ana ogontha pafupifupi 2 mpaka 3 mwa makanda 1,000 aliwonse ku China, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutayika kwa kumva mwa makanda ndi 2 mpaka 3%, zomwe ndi zazikulu kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa matenda ena mwa makanda ogontha. Pafupifupi 60% ya kutayika kwa kumva kumachitika chifukwa cha majini ogontha obadwa nawo, ndipo kusintha kwa majini ogontha kumapezeka mwa 70-80% ya odwala ogontha obadwa nawo.
Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa majini a ugonthi kumaphatikizidwa mu mapulogalamu oyezetsa ugonthi a amayi apakati. Kupewa koyamba kwa ugonthi wobadwa nawo kumatha kuchitika poyezetsa majini a ugonthi a amayi apakati asanabadwe. Popeza kuchuluka kwa majini ogontha omwe amanyamula (6%) kumachulukirachulukira m'Chitchaina, okwatirana achichepere ayenera kuyezetsa majini a ugonthi poyezetsa ukwati kapena asanabadwe kuti azindikire anthu ogontha omwe amayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala msanga komanso omwe onse ali ndi majini ofanana a ugonthi. Okwatirana omwe ali ndi majini osinthika amatha kupewa ugonthi kudzera mu malangizo otsatira ndi kulowererapo.
2. Kodi kuyezetsa majini a munthu wosamva n’chiyani?
Kuyesa majini a munthu wogontha ndi kuyesa DNA ya munthu kuti adziwe ngati pali jini ya munthu wogontha. Ngati pali mamembala omwe ali ndi majini a munthu wogontha m'banjamo, njira zina zofananira zitha kuchitidwa kuti apewe kubadwa kwa ana ogontha kapena kupewa kupezeka kwa ogontha mwa makanda obadwa kumene malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini a munthu wogontha.
3. Anthu oyenerera kuyezetsa majini a anthu osamva
-Mabanja asanayambe mimba komanso asanayambe kutenga mimba
-Ana obadwa kumene
-Odwala ogontha ndi achibale awo, odwala opaleshoni ya cochlear implant
- Ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera poizoni (makamaka aminoglycosides) ndi omwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja la ogontha chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo
4. Mayankho
Kuzindikira kwa exome yonse yachipatala (Wes-Plus) komwe kunachitika ku Macro & Micro-Test kunapangidwa. Poyerekeza ndi kusanthula kwachikhalidwe, kusanthula kwa exome yonse kumachepetsa mtengo kwambiri pamene kumapeza mwachangu chidziwitso cha majini a madera onse a exonic. Poyerekeza ndi kusanthula kwa genome yonse, kumatha kufupikitsa nthawi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kusanthula deta. Njirayi ndi yotsika mtengo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano powulula zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a majini.
Ubwino
-Kuzindikira kwathunthu: Kuyesa kamodzi nthawi imodzi kumafufuza majini a nyukiliya a anthu opitilira 20,000 ndi majini a mitochondrial, omwe amakhudza matenda opitilira 6,000 mu database ya OMIM, kuphatikiza SNV, CNV, UPD, kusintha kwamphamvu, majini osakanikirana, kusiyanasiyana kwa majini a mitochondrial, mtundu wa HLA ndi mitundu ina.
-Kulondola kwambiri: zotsatira zake ndi zolondola komanso zodalirika, ndipo malo opezeka ndi opitilira 99.7%
-Yabwino: kuzindikira ndi kusanthula zokha, pezani malipoti m'masiku 25
Nthawi yotumizira: Mar-03-2023