Bungwe la International Diabetes Federation (IDF) ndi World Health Organization (WHO) asankha Novembala 14 kukhala "Tsiku la Matenda a Shuga Padziko Lonse". Mu chaka chachiwiri cha mndandanda wa Access to Diabetes Care (2021-2023), mutu wa chaka chino ndi: Matenda a Shuga: maphunziro oteteza mawa.
Chidule cha Matenda a Shuga Padziko Lonse 01
Mu 2021, panali anthu 537 miliyoni omwe anali ndi matenda a shuga padziko lonse lapansi. Chiwerengero cha odwala matenda a shuga padziko lonse lapansi chikuyembekezeka kukwera kufika pa 643 miliyoni mu 2030 ndi 784 miliyoni mu 2045 motsatana, kuwonjezeka kwa 46%!
02 Mfundo Zofunika
Kope la khumi la Global Diabetes Overview likuwonetsa mfundo zisanu ndi zitatu zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga. Mfundo zimenezi zikusonyezanso kuti "kuthana ndi matenda a shuga kwa onse" n'kofunika kwambiri!
-1 mwa akuluakulu 9 (azaka 20-79) ali ndi matenda a shuga, ndipo anthu 537 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi
-Pofika chaka cha 2030, munthu m'modzi mwa akuluakulu 9 aliwonse adzakhala ndi matenda a shuga, ndipo anthu 643 miliyoni adzakhala ndi matenda a shuga.
-Pofika chaka cha 2045, munthu m'modzi mwa akuluakulu asanu ndi atatu adzakhala ndi matenda a shuga, ndipo anthu 784 miliyoni adzakhala ndi matenda a shuga.
-80% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala m'maiko omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa komanso zapakati
- Matenda a shuga adapha anthu 6.7 miliyoni mu 2021, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti munthu m'modzi adamwalira chifukwa cha matenda a shuga masekondi asanu aliwonse.
-Anthu 240 miliyoni (44%) omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga padziko lonse lapansi sanadziwike kuti ali ndi matendawa
- Matenda a shuga adawononga ndalama zokwana $966 biliyoni pazaumoyo padziko lonse mu 2021, chiwerengero chomwe chakwera ndi 316% m'zaka 15 zapitazi.
-Mmodzi mwa akuluakulu 10 ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga ndipo anthu 541 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri;
-68% ya akuluakulu odwala matenda a shuga amakhala m'maiko 10 omwe ali ndi odwala matenda a shuga ambiri.
03 Deta ya matenda a shuga ku China
Chigawo cha Western Pacific komwe kuli China nthawi zonse chakhala "choyambitsa chachikulu" pakati pa anthu odwala matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi. Munthu m'modzi mwa odwala anayi aliwonse a shuga padziko lonse lapansi ndi waku China. Ku China, pakadali pano pali anthu opitilira 140 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, zomwe zikufanana ndi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 9 omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe sanadziwike ndi 50.5%, chomwe chikuyembekezeka kufika pa 164 miliyoni mu 2030 ndi 174 miliyoni mu 2045.
Chidziwitso chachikulu choyamba
Matenda a shuga ndi amodzi mwa matenda osatha omwe amakhudza kwambiri thanzi la anthu okhala m'dera lathu. Ngati odwala matenda a shuga salandira chithandizo choyenera, angayambitse mavuto aakulu monga matenda a mtima, khungu, chilonda cha mapazi, komanso kulephera kwa impso kosatha.
Mfundo zazikulu ziwiri
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda a shuga ndi "zina zitatu ndi zina chimodzi zochepa" (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, kuchepa thupi), ndipo odwala ena amadwala matendawa popanda zizindikiro zomveka.
Mfundo zazikulu zitatu
Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga kuposa anthu ambiri, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zikachuluka, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga chimakula. Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 mwa akuluakulu ndi izi: zaka ≥ 40, kunenepa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a mtima, dyslipidemia, mbiri ya prediabetes, mbiri ya banja, mbiri ya kubadwa kwa macrosomia kapena mbiri ya matenda a shuga a mimba.
Mfundo zazikulu zinayi
Kutsatira kwa nthawi yayitali chithandizo chokwanira n'kofunika kwa odwala matenda a shuga. Matenda ambiri a shuga amatha kulamulidwa bwino kudzera mu chithandizo cha sayansi komanso chomveka bwino. Odwala amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino m'malo momwalira msanga kapena kulumala chifukwa cha matenda a shuga.
Mfundo zazikulu zisanu
Odwala matenda a shuga amafunika chithandizo chamankhwala choperekedwa payekhapayekha. Odwala matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 ayenera kuwongolera mphamvu zomwe amadya poyesa momwe alili ndi zakudya komanso kukhazikitsa zolinga ndi mapulani oyenera a chithandizo chamankhwala motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wazakudya kapena gulu loyang'anira matenda a shuga (kuphatikizapo mphunzitsi wa matenda a shuga).
Mfundo zazikulu zisanu ndi chimodzi
Odwala matenda a shuga ayenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi motsogozedwa ndi akatswiri.
Mfundo zazikulu zisanu ndi ziwiri
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kuyang'aniridwa shuga m'magazi, kulemera, mafuta m'thupi, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi nthawi zonse.
Macro & Micro-Test ku Beijing: Wes-Plus imathandiza kuzindikira matenda a shuga
Malinga ndi "Mgwirizano wa Akatswiri aku China pa Kuzindikira Matenda a Shuga" wa 2022, timadalira ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wofufuza majini a nyukiliya ndi mitochondrial, komanso timafotokoza za HLA-locus kuti tithandize kuwunika chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba.
Idzatsogolera mokwanira kuzindikira matenda ndi chithandizo cholondola komanso kuwunika zoopsa za majini kwa odwala matenda ashuga, ndikuthandizira asing'anga kupanga mapulani odziwira matenda ndi chithandizo payekhapayekha.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-25-2022