Chaka chilichonse pa Epulo 17 ndi Tsiku la Khansa Padziko Lonse.
Chidule cha 01 cha Matenda a Khansa Padziko Lonse
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa miyoyo ya anthu komanso kupsinjika maganizo, kuchuluka kwa matenda a khansa kukuwonjezekanso chaka ndi chaka.
Matenda otupa (khansa) akhala limodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu azaumoyo omwe akuopseza kwambiri thanzi la anthu aku China. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwa, imfa ya matenda otupa imayambitsa 23.91% ya zomwe zimayambitsa imfa pakati pa anthu okhala m'deralo, ndipo kuchuluka ndi kufa kwa matenda otupa kwapitirira kukwera m'zaka khumi zapitazi. Koma khansa sikutanthauza "chilango cha imfa." Bungwe la World Health Organization linanena momveka bwino kuti bola ngati yapezeka msanga, 60%-90% ya khansa imatha kuchiritsidwa! Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a khansa ndi lotha kupewedwa, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a khansa ndi lotha kuchiritsidwa, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a khansa amatha kuchiritsidwa kuti atalikitse moyo.
02 Kodi chotupa n'chiyani?
Chotupa chimatanthauza chamoyo chatsopano chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo am'deralo mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyambitsa khansa. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti maselo a chotupa amakumana ndi kusintha kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kosiyana ndi maselo wamba. Nthawi yomweyo, maselo a chotupa amatha kusintha kusintha kwa kagayidwe kachakudya mwa kusintha pakati pa glycolysis ndi oxidative phosphorylation.
03 Chithandizo cha Khansa Chodziwika Payekha
Chithandizo cha khansa cha munthu payekha chimadalira chidziwitso cha matenda a majini omwe akukhudzidwa ndi matenda komanso zotsatira za kafukufuku wazachipatala wozikidwa pa umboni. Chimapereka maziko kwa odwala kuti alandire dongosolo lolondola la chithandizo, lomwe lakhala njira yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko cha zamankhwala zamakono. Kafukufuku wazachipatala watsimikizira kuti pozindikira kusintha kwa majini a biomarkers, mtundu wa jini SNP, jini ndi momwe mapuloteni amaonekera m'zitsanzo zamoyo za odwala otupa kuti alosere momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito ndikuwunika momwe matendawa angachitikire, ndikuwongolera chithandizo chamankhwala cha munthu payekha, zitha kusintha magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa, kuti zilimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zachipatala.
Kuyesa kwa maselo a khansa kungagawidwe m'magulu atatu akuluakulu: kuzindikira matenda, kulandira cholowa, ndi kuchiza. Kuyesa kwa mankhwala ndiko maziko a zomwe zimatchedwa "matenda ochiritsira" kapena mankhwala opangidwa ndi munthu payekha, ndipo ma antibodies ambiri ndi zoletsa mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono zomwe zimatha kuyang'ana majini ofunikira a chotupa ndi njira zolumikizirana zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zotupa.
Chithandizo cha khansa chomwe chimayang'aniridwa ndi mamolekyulu chimalimbana ndi mamolekyulu odziwika bwino a maselo a khansa ndipo chimalowerera mu njira ya maselo a khansa. Zotsatira zake zimakhala makamaka pa maselo a khansa, koma sizimakhudza kwambiri maselo abwinobwino. Ma receptors a kukula kwa chotupa, mamolekyulu osinthira chizindikiro, mapuloteni a cell cycle, owongolera apoptosis, ma enzymes a proteolytic, vascular endothelial growth factor, ndi zina zotero zonse zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolinga za mamolekyulu pochiza chotupa. Pa Disembala 28, 2020, "Administrative Measures for the Clinical Application of Antineoplastic Drugs (Trial)" yoperekedwa ndi National Health and Medical Commission inanena momveka bwino kuti: Kwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi zolinga zomveka bwino za majini, mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito iyenera kutsatiridwa pambuyo poyesa majini omwe akuyang'aniridwa.
04 Kuyesa majini komwe kumayang'aniridwa ndi chotupa
Pali mitundu yambiri ya kusintha kwa majini mu zotupa, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusintha kwa majini imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe cholinga chake ndi kulongosola mtundu wa kusintha kwa majini ndikusankha bwino mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchiza. Njira zodziwira mamolekyulu zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kusiyana kwa majini okhudzana ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu zotupa. Mwa kuwunika momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini imakhudzira mphamvu ya mankhwala, tingathandize madokotala kupanga njira yoyenera kwambiri yothandizira payekhapayekha.
05 Yankho
Macro & Micro-Test yapanga zida zodziwira majini a chotupa, zomwe zapereka njira yothetsera vuto la chotupa.
Kiti Yodziwira Kusintha kwa Ma EGFR Gene 29 ya Anthu (Kuwala kwa PCR)
Kiti iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kusintha kwa majini komwe kumachitika m'thupi la munthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya vitro mu exons 18-21 ya jini ya EGFR m'zitsanzo kuchokera kwa odwala khansa ya m'mapapo omwe si ang'onoang'ono.
1. Dongosololi limayambitsa kuwongolera kwamkati kwa khalidwe, komwe kumatha kuyang'anira bwino njira yoyesera ndikutsimikizira mtundu wa kuyesako.
2. Kuzindikira kwambiri: Kuzindikira njira yothetsera vuto la nucleic acid kumatha kuzindikira bwino kusintha kwa 1% pansi pa mtundu wachilengedwe wa 3ng/μL.
3. Kulondola kwambiri: Palibe kusinthana kwa DNA ya majini ya munthu wamtundu wakuthengo ndi mitundu ina yosinthika.
 |  |
KRAS 8 Mutations Detection Kit (Fluorescence PCR)
Kiti iyi yapangidwa kuti izindikire kusintha kwa majini 8 mu codons 12 ndi 13 a K-ras gene mu DNA yotengedwa kuchokera ku zigawo za matenda zomwe zimayikidwa mu paraffin ya anthu.
1. Dongosololi limayambitsa kuwongolera kwamkati kwa khalidwe, komwe kumatha kuyang'anira bwino njira yoyesera ndikutsimikizira mtundu wa kuyesako.
2. Kuzindikira kwambiri: Kuzindikira njira yothetsera vuto la nucleic acid kumatha kuzindikira bwino kusintha kwa 1% pansi pa mtundu wachilengedwe wa 3ng/μL.
3. Kulondola kwambiri: Palibe kusinthana kwa DNA ya majini ya munthu wamtundu wakuthengo ndi mitundu ina yosinthika.
 |  |
Kiti Yodziwira Kusintha kwa Majini a EML4-ALK ya Munthu (Fluorescence PCR)
Chida ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira mitundu 12 ya kusintha kwa majini a EML4-ALK m'zitsanzo za odwala khansa ya m'mapapo ya anthu omwe si ang'onoang'ono m'thupi.
1. Dongosololi limayambitsa kuwongolera kwamkati kwa khalidwe, komwe kumatha kuyang'anira bwino njira yoyesera ndikutsimikizira mtundu wa kuyesako.
2. Kuzindikira kwambiri: Kiti iyi imatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa fusion mpaka makope 20.
3. Kulondola kwambiri: Palibe kusinthana kwa DNA ya majini ya munthu wamtundu wakuthengo ndi mitundu ina yosinthika.
 |  |
Kiti Yodziwira Kusintha kwa Majini a Anthu ya ROS1 (Fluorescence PCR)
Chida ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira mitundu 14 ya kusintha kwa majini a ROS1 m'masampulu a khansa ya m'mapapo ya anthu omwe si ang'onoang'ono.
1. Dongosololi limayambitsa kuwongolera kwamkati kwa khalidwe, komwe kumatha kuyang'anira bwino njira yoyesera ndikutsimikizira mtundu wa kuyesako.
2. Kuzindikira kwambiri: Kiti iyi imatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa fusion mpaka makope 20.
3. Kulondola kwambiri: Palibe kusinthana kwa DNA ya majini ya munthu wamtundu wakuthengo ndi mitundu ina yosinthika.
 |  |
Kiti Yodziwira Kusintha kwa Madzi ya BRAF Gene V600E ya Munthu (Fluorescence PCR)
Chida choyesera ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira bwino kusintha kwa jini la BRAF V600E mu zitsanzo za minofu yolumikizidwa ndi paraffin ya melanoma ya anthu, khansa ya m'matumbo, khansa ya chithokomiro ndi khansa ya m'mapapo mu vitro.
1. Dongosololi limayambitsa kuwongolera kwamkati kwa khalidwe, komwe kumatha kuyang'anira bwino njira yoyesera ndikutsimikizira mtundu wa kuyesako.
2. Kuzindikira kwambiri: Kuzindikira njira yothetsera vuto la nucleic acid kumatha kuzindikira bwino kusintha kwa 1% pansi pa mtundu wachilengedwe wa 3ng/μL.
3. Kulondola kwambiri: Palibe kusinthana kwa DNA ya majini ya munthu wamtundu wakuthengo ndi mitundu ina yosinthika.
 |  |
| Nambala ya Katalogu | Dzina la Chinthu | Kufotokozera |
| HWTS-TM012A/B | Kiti Yodziwira Kusintha kwa Ma EGFR Gene 29 ya Munthu (Fluorescence PCR） | Mayeso 16/zida, mayeso 32/zida |
| HWTS-TM014A/B | KRAS 8 Mutations Detection Kit (Fluorescence PCR) | Mayeso 24/zida, mayeso 48/zida |
| HWTS-TM006A/B | Kiti Yodziwira Kusintha kwa Majini a EML4-ALK ya Munthu (Fluorescence PCR) | Mayeso 20/zida, mayeso 50/zida |
| HWTS-TM009A/B | Kiti Yodziwira Kusintha kwa Majini a Anthu ya ROS1 (Fluorescence PCR) | Mayeso 20/zida, mayeso 50/zida |
| HWTS-TM007A/B | Kiti Yodziwira Kusintha kwa Madzi ya BRAF Gene V600E ya Munthu (Fluorescence PCR) | Mayeso 24/zida, mayeso 48/zida |
| HWTS-GE010A | Kiti Yodziwira Kusintha kwa Majini a BCR-ABL a Munthu (Fluorescence PCR) | Mayeso 24/zida |
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-17-2023