Kusamalira chiwindi. Kuyezetsa chiwindi msanga komanso kupumula msanga

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za World Health Organization (WHO), anthu opitilira 1 miliyoni amafa ndi matenda a chiwindi chaka chilichonse padziko lonse lapansi. China ndi "dziko lalikulu la matenda a chiwindi", lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi monga hepatitis B, hepatitis C, chiwindi chamafuta chomwe chimakhala ndi mowa komanso chosamwa mowa, matenda a chiwindi omwe amayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso matenda a chiwindi omwe amateteza chitetezo chamthupi.

1. Matenda a chiwindi aku China

Matenda a chiwindi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda padziko lonse lapansi komanso vuto lalikulu la thanzi la anthu ku China. Pali mitundu isanu ikuluikulu ya kachilombo ka chiwindi, komwe ndi A, B (HBV), C (HCV), D ndi E. Malinga ndi deta ya "Chinese Journal of Cancer Research" mu 2020, pakati pa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya chiwindi ku China, kachilombo ka chiwindi B ndi kachilombo ka chiwindi C akadali zifukwa zazikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa 53.2% ndi 17% motsatana. Matenda a chiwindi a chiwindi osatha amachititsa imfa pafupifupi 380,000 chaka chilichonse, makamaka chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi ndi khansa ya chiwindi yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi chiwindi.

2. Zizindikiro zachipatala za matenda a chiwindi

Matenda a Hepatitis A ndi E nthawi zambiri amayamba mwadzidzidzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chiyembekezo chabwino. Matenda a Hepatitis B ndi C ndi ovuta, ndipo amatha kukhala matenda a cirrhosis kapena khansa ya chiwindi pambuyo pochira.

Zizindikiro za matenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi cha mtundu wa virus ndi zofanana. Zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi cha mtundu wa hepatitis ndi kutopa, kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya, chiwindi cha chiwindi, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chiwindi, komanso jaundice nthawi zina. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osatha akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa kapena osawonetsa zizindikiro zilizonse.

3. Kodi mungapewe bwanji komanso kuchiza matenda a chiwindi?

Njira yofalitsira matendawa komanso njira yochizira matenda a chiwindi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi osiyanasiyana ndi osiyana. Matenda a chiwindi A ndi E ndi matenda am'mimba omwe amatha kufalikira kudzera m'manja, chakudya kapena madzi oipitsidwa. Matenda a chiwindi B, C ndi D amafalikira makamaka kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana, kugonana komanso kuikidwa magazi.

Chifukwa chake, matenda a chiwindi a virus ayenera kuzindikirika, kuzipeza, kuzipatula, kuzinena, ndikulandira chithandizo mwachangu momwe zingathere.

4. Mayankho

Macro & Micro-Test yapanga zida zodziwira matenda a chiwindi cha mtundu wa B (HBV) ndi kachilombo ka chiwindi cha mtundu wa C (HCV). Katundu wathu amapereka njira yothetsera matenda, kuyang'anira chithandizo, komanso kudziwiratu matenda a chiwindi cha mtundu wa HIV.

01

Chida chodziwira kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka Hepatitis B (HBV): Chitha kuwunika kuchuluka kwa kachilombo komwe kakufalikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HBV. Ndi chizindikiro chofunikira pakusankha zizindikiro za chithandizo cha ma virus komanso kudziwa momwe chimathandizira kuchiritsa. Pa chithandizo cha ma virus, kupeza yankho lokhazikika la ma virus kumatha kuwongolera kwambiri kupitirira kwa matenda a chiwindi ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha HCC.

Ubwino: Imatha kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa HBV DNA mu seramu, malire ocheperako ozindikira kuchuluka ndi 10IU/mL, ndipo malire ocheperako ozindikira ndi 5IU/mL.

02

Kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka Hepatitis B (HBV): Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini a HBV imasiyana malinga ndi kufalikira kwa matenda, kusiyanasiyana kwa kachilombo, mawonekedwe a matenda, ndi momwe mankhwala amayankhidwira. Pamlingo winawake, zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa HBeAg, kuopsa kwa zilonda za chiwindi, kuchuluka kwa khansa ya chiwindi, ndi zina zotero, komanso zimakhudza momwe matenda a HBV angachiritsidwire komanso momwe mankhwala opha mavairasi amathandizira.

Ubwino: Chubu chimodzi cha yankho la reaction chingalembedwe kuti chizindikire mitundu B, C, ndi D, ndipo malire ocheperako ozindikira ndi 100IU/mL.

03

Kuyeza kwa RNA ya Hepatitis C virus (HCV): Kuzindikira HCV RNA ndiye chizindikiro chodalirika kwambiri cha kachilombo koyambitsa matenda komanso kobwerezabwereza. Ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chosonyeza momwe kachilombo ka hepatitis C kalili komanso momwe chithandizo chimakhudzira.

Ubwino: Imatha kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa HCV RNA mu seramu kapena plasma, malire ocheperako ozindikira kuchuluka ndi 100IU/mL, ndipo malire ocheperako ozindikira ndi 50IU/mL.

04

Kugawa kwa kachilombo ka Hepatitis C (HCV): Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a kachilombo ka HCV-RNA polymerase, jini yake imasinthasintha mosavuta, ndipo kupanga kwake kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi momwe chithandizo chimakhudzira.

Ubwino: Chubu chimodzi cha yankho la reaction chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulemba ndi kuzindikira mitundu ya 1b, 2a, 3a, 3b, ndi 6a, ndipo malire ocheperako ozindikira ndi 200IU/mL.