Tizilombo Toyambitsa Kupuma Tophatikizana

Matenda a Corona Virus a 2019, otchedwa 'COVID-19', amatanthauza chibayo chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 ndi kachilombo ka corona komwe kali m'gulu la β. COVID-19 ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana m'mapapo, ndipo anthu ambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo. Pakadali pano, gwero la matendawa ndi odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka 2019-nCoV, ndipo anthu omwe alibe zizindikiro za matendawa nawonso akhoza kukhala gwero la matendawa. Kutengera kafukufuku wamakono wa matenda, nthawi yoberekera ndi masiku 1-14, makamaka masiku 3-7. Malungo, chifuwa chouma ndi kutopa ndiye zizindikiro zazikulu. Odwala ochepa anali ndi zizindikiro monga kutsekeka kwa mphuno, mphuno yotuluka madzi, pakhosi, myalgia ndi kutsegula m'mimba, ndi zina zotero. Fuluwenza, yomwe imadziwika kuti 'fuluwenza', ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana m'mapapo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo ka fuluwenza. Ndi opatsirana kwambiri. Amafalikira makamaka ndi kutsokomola ndi kuyetsemula. Nthawi zambiri amayamba masika ndi nyengo yozizira. Mavairasi a fuluwenza amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: fuluwenza A (IFV A), fuluwenza B (IFV B), ndi fuluwenza C (IFV C), onse ndi a kachilombo komatira, komwe kumayambitsa matenda a anthu makamaka mavairasi a fuluwenza A ndi B, ndi kachilombo ka RNA kogawanika kamodzi. Kachilombo ka fuluwenza A ndi matenda opatsirana kupuma, kuphatikizapo H1N1, H3N2 ndi mitundu ina, yomwe imakonda kusintha ndi kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. 'Shift' imatanthauza kusintha kwa kachilombo ka fuluwenza A, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kachilombo katsopano kakhale 'kamtundu'. Mavairasi a fuluwenza B amagawidwa m'mizere iwiri, Yamagata ndi Victoria Kachilombo ka fuluwenza B kamangokhala ndi antigenic drift, ndipo kamapewa kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi la munthu kudzera mu kusintha kwake. Komabe, liwiro la kusintha kwa kachilombo ka fuluwenza B limachepa kuposa la kachilombo ka fuluwenza A. Kachilombo ka fuluwenza B kangayambitsenso matenda opatsirana kupuma kwa anthu ndikutsogolera ku miliri.

Kachilombo ka Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) ndi kachilombo ka RNA, komwe kali m'gulu la paramyxoviridae. Kachilomboka kamafalikira kudzera m'madontho a mpweya komanso pafupi ndipo ndiye kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa matenda m'mapapo mwa makanda. Makanda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka RSV amatha kukhala ndi matenda oopsa a bronchiolitis ndi chibayo, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mphumu mwa ana. Makanda amakhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa, kuphatikizapo malungo, rhinitis, pharyngitis ndi laryngitis, kenako bronchiolitis ndi chibayo. Ana ochepa odwala amatha kukhala ovuta ndi otitis media, pleurisy ndi myocarditis, ndi zina zotero. Matenda a m'mapapo apamwamba ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda mwa akuluakulu ndi ana okulirapo.